Table 1.
Index components and scoring criteria for the RESIDential Environments dietary guideline index (RDGI). The six survey items available at T1, T2, T3, and T4 are highlighted and the additional three items available at T2, T3, and T4 are in bold italic.
| ADG Component 1 | RESIDE Indicator Survey Item | Criteria for Minimum Score | Criteria for Intermediate Score | Criteria for Maximum Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vegetables | How many serves of vegetables do you usually eat each day (including fresh, frozen and tinned)? | Do not eat = 0 | 19–70 y M: 1 serve or less = 2, 2 serves = 4, 3–4 serves = 6, 5 serves = 8 F and >70 y M: 1 serve or less = 2.5, 2 serves = 5, 3–4 serves = 7.5 |
19–70 y M: 6 serves = 10 F and > 70 y M: ≥ 5 serves = 10 |
| Fruit | How many serves of fruit do you usually eat each day (including fresh, dried, frozen and tinned fruit)? | Do not eat = 0 | 1 serve or less = 5 | ≥2 serves = 10 |
| Grains/cereals: mostly wholegrain and/or high cereal fibre varieties | What type of bread do you usually eat? | White bread = 0 | Don’t eat bread/other = 1.25 | High fibre white, wholemeal, multigrain, rye, spelt = 2.5 |
| How often do you eat bread (including bread rolls, flat breads, crumpets, bagels, English or bread type muffins)? | <once per month = 0 | Once per month = 0.5 2–3 times per month = 1 1–2 times per week = 1.5 3–5 times per week = 2 |
6–7 times per week = 2.5 | |
| How often do you eat pasta, rice, noodles or other cooked cereals? | <once per month = 0 | Once per month = 1 2–3 times per month = 2 1–2 times per week = 3 3–5 times per week = 4 |
6–7 times per week = 5 | |
| Lean meats | How often do you eat red meat (beef, lamb, and kidney but not pork or ham)? Include all minimally processed forms of red meat such as chops, steaks, roasts, rissoles, mince, stir-fries, and casseroles 2. | 6–7 times per week = 0 | 3–5 times per week = 2.5 | ≤1–2 times per week = 5 Don’t eat meat = 5 |
| How often do you eat fish? 3 | <once per month = 0 | Once per month = 1.25 2–3 times per month = 2.5 1–2 times per week = 3.75 |
≥3–5 times per week = 5 | |
| Dairy or alternatives: mostly reduced fat | About how much milk (in total) do you usually have in a day? | <150 mL = 0 | >70 y, 51–70 F: 150–600 mL = 1.25 19–50 y, 51–70 M: 150–300 mL = 1.25 |
>70 y, 51–70 F: > 600 mL = 2.5 19–50 y, 51–70 M: ≥ 301 mL = 2.5 |
| What type of milk do you usually consume? | If whole (full cream) = 0 | If low or reduced fat/other = 1.25 | If skim = 2.5 | |
| How often do you eat cheese? (including ricotta, cottage, processed, cream cheese, hard and soft cheese) | <once per month = 0 | Once per month = 1 2–3 times per month = 2 1–2 times per week = 3 3–5 times per week = 4 |
6–7 times per week = 5 | |
| Drink plenty of water | How many cups of water, including sparkling water, do you drink in a day? | Total beverage intake zero cups = 0 | Total beverage intake: M 1–9 cups = 2.5 F 1–7 cups = 2.5 |
Total beverage intake: M ≥ 10 cups = 5 F ≥ 8 cups = 5 |
| How many cups of diet or sugar-free soft drinks, cordial or sports drinks do you drink in a day? (such as coke zero or sugar free Gatorade) | ||||
| How many cups of hot drinks do you drink in a day? (such as tea, coffee, herbal tea) | ||||
| Proportion of water to total beverage intake 4 | 0% = 0 | >0% < 50% = 2.5 | ≥50% = 5 | |
| Limit intake of foods high in saturated fat | How often do you eat chips, French fries, wedges, fried potatoes or crisps? | 6–7 times per week = 0 | 3–5 times per week = 0.5 1–2 times per week = 1 2–3 times per month = 1.5 |
≤once per month = 2 |
| How often do you eat meat products such as sausages, frankfurters, polony, meat pies, bacon or ham? 5 | 6–7 times per week = 0 | 3–5 times per week = 0.5 1–2 times per week = 1 2–3 times per month = 1.5 |
≤once per month = 2 | |
| How often is the meat you eat trimmed of fat either before or after cooking? | Never or rarely = 0 | Sometimes = 1 | Usually = 2 | |
| How often do you eat fried, roast or BBQ chicken, pizza, burgers or fish and chips? 5 | 6–7 times per week = 0 | 3–5 times per week = 0.5 1–2 times per week = 1 2–3 times per month = 1.5 |
≤once per month = 2 | |
| How often do you eat meat pies, sausage rolls or other savoury pastries? 5 | 6–7 times per week = 0 | 3–5 times per week = 0.5 1–2 times per week = 1 2–3 times per month = 1.5 |
≤once per month = 2 | |
| Limit intake of foods and drinks containing added salt | How often do you add salt to your food after it is cooked? | Usually = 0 | Sometimes = 2.5 | Never or rarely = 5 |
| How often is salt added to your food during cooking? | Usually = 0 | Sometimes = 2.5 | Never or rarely = 5 | |
| Limit intake of foods and drinks containing added sugars | How often do you eat biscuits, cakes, desserts, pastries, lollies and/or chocolate 5 | 6–7 times per week = 0 | 3–5 times per week = 1.25 1–2 times per week = 2.5 2–3 times per month = 3.75 |
≤once per month = 5 |
| How many cups of regular or sugar sweetened soft drinks, cordial, fruit juice or sports drinks do you drink in a day? 6 | >2 cups = 0 | 1.5–2 cups = 2.5 | ≤1 cup = 5 No response = 5 |
|
| If you choose to drink alcohol, limit intake | On how many days of the week do you usually drink alcohol? | ≥6 days per week = 0 | 5–2 days per week = 2.5 | ≤once per week = 5 Don’t drink alcohol = 5 |
| On a day when you drink alcohol, how many standard drinks do you usually have? | >4 drinks = 0 | 3–4 drinks = 2.5 | ≤2 drinks = 5 |
1 Guidelines derived from the Australian Dietary Guidelines [4]; 2 The Australian Dietary Guidelines recommend a maximum of 455 g (7 serves) of lean, cooked, red meat per week. However, since many Australian adults eat meat in larger portion sizes than standard serves, consuming red meat 6–7 times per week was considered greater than recommended guidelines; 3 The Australian Heart Foundation recommends eating fish at least 2–3 times per week [50]; 4 The Australian Dietary Guidelines do not provide recommendations for daily servings of beverages. Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand were used as a guide for cut-offs. Total beverage intake excludes alcohol and sugar sweetened drinks. The proportion of water to total beverage intake was based on the methods of Thorpe et al. (2016) and McNaughton et al. (2008) derived from US beverage guidelines [44,46,51]; 5 The Australian Dietary Guidelines provide a daily recommendation of discretionary foods for taller or more active people of up to 2.5 serves in women and 3 serves in men. However, guidelines recommend these foods “should be limited to small amounts and only eaten sometimes”. Therefore, maximum points were given to the lowest intakes with proportionate scores for intakes above that; 6 The Australian Dietary Guidelines do not provide recommendations for daily servings of added sugar. The American Heart Association recommends limiting the amount of added sugars to half the daily discretionary allowance (i.e., men = 1.5 serves and women = 1.25 serves) or six teaspoons per day for women and nine teaspoons per day for men [52]. Abbreviations: y = years, M = male, F = female.