Table 2.
Baseline Study Outcomes.
| Outcomesa | Dippers (n = 35) | Nondippers (n = 44) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cognition, z scores | |||
| Global cognitive function | .22 (.7) | −.17 (.7) | .075 |
| Executive function | .17 (.8) | −.13 (.9) | .42 |
| Processing speed | .23 (1) | −.19 (.9) | .12 |
| Memory | .28 (.8) | −.22 (.9) | .12 |
| Verbal fluency | .18 (.8) | −.15 (.8) | .18 |
| Mobility | |||
| Usual gait velocity (cm/s) | 117.7 (18) | 106.7 (18.5) | .01a |
| Usual step length (cm) | 63.7 (6.1) | 61.3 (7.8) | .15 |
| Usual gait variability (%) | 2.6 (4.5) | 2.3 (1.1) | .69 |
| DT gait velocity (cm/s) | 96.8 (23.4) | 85.8 (9.4) | .22 |
| DT step length (cm) | 59.5 (6.8) | 56.2 (9.4) | .38 |
| DT gait variability (%) | 7.4 (8.5) | 6.2 (4.8) | .91 |
| Cardiovascular | |||
| cIMT (mm) | .64 (.12) | .683 (.137) | .34 |
| cAC (mm/mmHg2 × 10−1) | .709 (.269) | .827 (.385) | .15 |
| Daytime SBP (mmHg) | 130.2 (11.5) | 131.9 (12.8) | .80 |
| Daytime DBP (mmHg) | 73.2 (7.4) | 74.1 (10.1) | .52 |
| Nighttime SBP (mmHg) | 112.5 (9.9) | 126.5 (14.9) | <.001b |
| Nighttime DBP (mmHg) | 61.2 (6.6) | 67.9 (11.1) | <.001b |
Note. DT = dual-task gait; cIMT = carotid intima-media thickness; cAC = carotid arterial compliance; SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure. Boldface values indicate statistically significant results.
a
Data presented as mean (standard deviation).
b
Differences between groups at baseline adjusting for age, education, gender, presence of hypertension, and type 2 diabetes.