Table 1.
Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Study Cohort Stratified by Age-Group.
| Study Population | Age Groups, years | N (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <65 | 65-84 | ≥85 | Total | ||
| Number of cases | 212 (34) | 253 (40) | 167 (26) | 632 (100) | |
| Age range, years | 18-101 (min-max) | ||||
| Gender (% of category) | Male | 134 (63) | 123 (49) | 63 (38) | 320 (51) |
| Female | 78 (37) | 130 (51) | 104 (62) | 312 (49) | |
| Race (% of category) | White | 157 (74) | 211 (84) | 157 (94) | 525 (83) |
| Non-white | 55 (26) | 41 (16) | 10 (6) | 106 (17) | |
| Injury (% of category) | Fracture with SCI | 88 (42) | 70 (28) | 22 (13) | 180 (28.5) |
| Fracture without SCI | 124 (58) | 183 (72) | 145 (87) | 452 (71.5) | |
| Mechanism of injury (% of category) | Fall | 86 (41) | 210 (83) | 155 (93) | 451 (71) |
| MVA | 98 (46) | 41 (16) | 12 (7) | 151 (24) | |
| Violence | 5 (2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 5 (0.8) | |
| Sports | 19 (9) | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | 21 (3.3) | |
| Other | 4 (1.9) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (0.6) | |
| Cervical level of injury (% of category) | C1-C4 | 79 (37.6) | 166 (66) | 131 (76.6) | 376 (59) |
| C5- C7 | 95 (45.2) | 56 (22) | 21 (12.3) | 172 (27) | |
| C1-C7 (multiple levels) | 15 (7.1) | 16 (6.4) | 9 (5.3) | 40 (6) | |
| Unspecified cervical levels | 21 (10) | 13 (5.2) | 10 (5.8) | 44 (7) | |
| ISS (% of category) | Mild/moderate (0-14) | 170 (80) | 215 (85) | 155 (93) | 540 (85) |
| Severe (> −15) | 42 (20) | 37 (15) | 12 (7) | 91 (15) | |
| GCS (≤8 were excluded) | Mean ± SEM | 14.8 ± 0.1 | 14.6 ± 0.1 | 14 .8 ± 0.1 | 14.7 ± 0.1 |
| Hospital LOS, days | Mean ± SEM | 10.5 ± 1.3 | 10.8 ± 0.7 | 8.8 ± 0.9 | 10.1 ± 0.6 |
| Days on ventilator | Mean ± SEM | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.2 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), % of category | 0-2 | 205 (97) | 239 (94) | 152 (91) | 596 (94) |
| >3 | 7 (3) | 14 (0.1) | 15 (9) | 36 (6) | |
| Insurance, % of category | Medicare | 8 (4) | 196 (77) | 155 (93) | 359 (57) |
| Commercial | 158 (75) | 53 (21) | 11 (7) | 222 (35) | |
| Self-Pay | 46 (22) | 4 (2) | 1 (1) | 51 (8) | |
| Discharge disposition, % of category | Home | 164 (77) | 118 (47) | 42 (25) | 324 (51) |
| Rehabilitation | 46 (22) | 125 (49) | 109 (65) | 279 (44) | |
| Mortality, % of category | Acute in-hospital | 3 (1.4) | 10 (4) | 15 (9) | 28 (4) |
Abbreviations: GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; ISS, injury severity scores; LOS, length of stay; MVA, motor vehicle accident; SCI, spinal cord injury; SEM, standard error of the mean.