Table 3.

Associations with incident all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality for density and volume measures analyzed in the same model in European American and African American participants with type 2 diabetes

Outcome	CAC measure	European Americans					African Americans
		Hazard ratio	95% confidence interval		p-value	n	Hazard ratio	95% confidence interval		p-value	n
All-cause mortality	Volume	1.60	1.29	1.99	2.25 × 10−5	889	1.76	1.22	2.53	0.003	552
	Density	1.10	0.94	1.28	0.225	889	0.77	0.55	1.07	0.117	552
CVD mortality	Volume	1.78	1.30	2.44	3.70 × 10−4	875	2.56	1.40	4.67	0.002	544
	Density	1.13	0.92	1.39	0.252	875	0.69	0.43	1.10	0.121	544

Hazard ratios for mortality associations reported per standard deviation change in coronary artery calcification measures. Models adjusted for age, sex, statin use, total cholesterol, HDL, systolic blood pressure, high blood pressure medication use, and current smoking; analyses additionally adjusted for study (Diabetes Heart Study or African American Diabetes Heart Study) in African Americans. All calcification measures were derived using a 90 HU (Hounsfield unit) threshold