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. 2018 May 10;18:352. doi: 10.1186/s12913-018-3158-y

Table 2.

Osteopathy clinical management. Numbers indicate the frequencies (percentages) of osteopaths on an often basis

Clinical Management n (%)
Patient care discussion
 Diet/nutrition 375 (37.9)
 Smoking/Drugs/Alcohol 179 (18.1)
 Physical activity/Fitness 886 (89.4)
 Occupational health and safety 506 (51.2)
 Pain counselling 264 (26.6)
 Stress management 489 (49.4)
 Nutritional supplements 252 (25.4)
 Medications 391 (39.5)
Patient subgroups
 Children (up to 3 years) 156 (15.8)
 Children (4 to 18 years) 270 (27.3)
 Older people (65 years and over) 572 (57.7)
 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people 7 (0.7)
 Pregnant women 344 (34.7)
 People with sports-related injuries 501 (50.6)
 People with work-related injuries 359 (36.2)
 People with traffic-related injuries 141 (14.2)
 People receiving post-surgical rehabilitation 79 (8.0)
 Non-English speaking ethnic groups 33 (3.3)
Presenting conditions
 Neck pain 971 (98.0)
 Thoracic pain 909 (91.7)
 Low back pain 977 (98.7)
 Hip musculoskeletal disorders 744 (75.2)
 Knee musculoskeletal disorders 491 (49.7)
 Ankle musculoskeletal disorders 333 (33.7)
 Foot musculoskeletal disorders 294 (29.7)
 Shoulder musculoskeletal disorders 801 (81.0)
 Elbow musculoskeletal disorders 251 (25.5)
 Wrist musculoskeletal disorders 188 (19.0)
 Hand musculoskeletal disorders 121 (12.3)
 Postural disorders (including lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, scoliosis) 675 (68.3)
 Degenerative spine conditions (including spondylolisthesis) 599 (60.6)
 Headache disorders (including cervicogenic, tension) 892 (90.1)
 Migraine disorders 400 (40.5)
 Spinal health maintenance or prevention 458 (46.4)
 Chronic or persistent pain 630 (63.7)
 Tendinopathies 410 (41.5)
 Temporomandibular joint disorders 183 (18.5)
 Non-musculoskeletal disorder(s) 126 (12.9)