Table 1.
Demographic and encounter characteristics among ITT and ETOT study groups
| Intent To Treat (ITT) | Effect of Treatment on the Treated (ETOT) Intervention clinic patients only |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention clinic patientsa N = 15024 |
Control clinic patientsb N = 12227 |
p-valuec | Intervention clinic patients with tool used N = 2240 |
Intervention clinic patients without tool usee N = 12784 |
p-valuec | |
| Sex | 0.22 | 0.347 | ||||
| Male | 7381 (49.1) | 6099 (49.9) | 1121 (50.0) | 6260 (49.0) | ||
| Female | 7643 (50.9) | 6128 (50.1) | 1119 (50.0) | 6524 (51.0) | ||
| Age (at first visit or tool usage) | <.001 | <.001 | ||||
| 0–12 mo. | 1471 (9.8) | 1452 (11.9) | 74 (3.3) | 1397 (10.9) | ||
| 1–4 yrs. | 2902 (19.3) | 2595 (21.2) | 449 (20.0) | 2453 (19.2) | ||
| 5–12 yrs. | 6131 (40.8) | 4807 (39.3) | 994 (44.4) | 5137 (40.2) | ||
| 13–17 yrs. | 3387 (22.5) | 2483 (20.3) | 558 (24.9) | 2829 (22.1) | ||
| 18–19 yrs. | 1133 (7.5) | 890 (7.3) | 165 (7.4) | 968 (7.6) | ||
| Race-ethnicity | <.001 | <.001 | ||||
| Hispanic | 10398 (69.2) | 7266 (59.4) | 2128 (95.0) | 8270 (64.7) | ||
| Non-Hispanic white | 3501 (23.3) | 2811 (23.0) | 73 (3.3) | 3428 (26.8) | ||
| Non-Hispanic other | 680 (4.5) | 1968 (16.1) | 29 (1.3) | 651 (5.1) | ||
| Unknown | 445 (3.0) | 182 (1.5) | 10 (0.5) | 435 (3.4) | ||
| Primary language | <.001 | <.001 | ||||
| Spanish | 8466 (56.4) | 5803 (47.5) | 1976 (88.2) | 6,90 (50.8) | ||
| English | 5870 (39.1) | 5103 (41.7) | 241 (10.8) | 5629 (44.0) | ||
| Other | 644 (4.3) | 1125 (9.2) | 22 (1.0) | 622 (4.9) | ||
| Unknown | 44 (0.3) | 196 (1.6) | 1 (0.04) | 43 (0.3) | ||
| Percent of federal poverty level | <.001 | <.001 | ||||
| ≤138 | 13336 (88.8) | 9998 (81.8) | 2083 (93.0) | 11253 (88.0) | ||
| 139–199 | 848 (5.6) | 918 (7.5) | 114 (5.1) | 734 (5.7) | ||
| ≥200 | 312 (2.1) | 1204 (9.9) | 29 (1.3) | 283 (2.2) | ||
| Unknown | 528 (3.5) | 107 (0.9) | 14 (0.6) | 514 (4.0) | ||
| N encounters in study periodf | 0.09 | <.001 | ||||
| 1 | 5408 (36.0) | 4525 (37.0) | 652 (29.1) | 4756 (37.2) | ||
| 2 | 3536 (23.5) | 2756 (22.5) | 556 (24.8) | 2980 (23.3) | ||
| ≥3 | 6080 (40.5) | 4946 (40.5) | 1032 (46.1) | 5048 (39.5) | ||
| New/established patient at first encounter | <.001 | <.001 | ||||
| New patient | 3510 (23.4) | 2486 (20.3) | 258 (11.5) | 3252 (25.4) | ||
| Established patient | 11514 (76.6) | 9741 (79.7) | 1982 (88.5) | 9532 (74.6) | ||
| Have a Medicaid identification number (ID) | <.001 | <.001 | ||||
| Yes | 13614 (90.6) | 11729 (95.9) | 2080 (92.9) | 11534 (90.2) | ||
| No | 1410 (9.4) | 498 (4.1) | 160 (7.1) | 1250 (9.8) | ||
Data source: EHR
aAll intervention clinic patients with ≥1 clinical encounter in study period
bAll control clinic patients with ≥1 clinical encounter in study period
cχ2 tests of independence
dIntervention clinic patients with ≥1 clinical encounter in study period with tool use
eIntervention clinic patients with ≥1 clinical encounter in study period without tool use
fTool implementation date (6/1/2014) through 18 months post-implementation (11/30/2015)