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. 2017 Aug 25;19(5):955–966. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnx195

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© 2017 American Academy of Pain Medicine.

This article has been co-published in Pain Medicine and The Journal of Pain. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.

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Ratios of log-transformed geometric least squares mean values of pharmacokinetic parameters for IN benzhydrocodone/APAP and IN hydrocodone/APAP. **P<0.01; ***P<0.001, linear mixed-effects model. APAP = acetaminophen; AUC_0-0.5, AUC_0-1, AUC_0-2, AUC_0-4, AUC_0-8, AUC_0-24 = area under the plasma concentration time curve from time 0 to the specified time point, in hours; C_max = maximum observed concentration; CI = confidence interval.