Table 2.
Cytokine | Serum level of cytokine in MDD vs controls | Results of treatment outcome | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|---|
IL6 | Baseline increased | Resistant to treatment | 83–85 |
Increased | Significantly reduced by escitalopram and nortriptyline | 86 | |
— | Escitalopram had no effect | 87 | |
Increased | Fluoxetine had no effect | 88 | |
IL11 | No known difference | Reduced by escitalopram | 87 |
IL1β | Increased | Significantly reduced by escitalopram and nortriptyline | 86 |
— | No change with 8 weeks’ escitalopram | 87 | |
TNF | Baseline increased | Poor response to amitriptyline | 8 |
Baseline increased | Poor response to SSRIs | 16, 89 | |
Baseline increased | Serum levels negatively correlated with response | 84, 89 |
Abbreviations: MDD, major depressive disorder; SSRI, selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor.