Differential regulation of proteases by the Arg/N‐end rule pathway. Activities, protein and RT‐qPCR analysis of selected Arabidopsis thaliana proteases. (a, e) Activity‐based protein profiling of 4‐d‐old etiolated seedlings of N‐end rule and erfVII combination mutants. (a) Probe FY01 labels RD21A and aleurin‐like proteases (ALPs); (e) probe JOGDA1 labels cathepsin B (AtCathB). Each lane represents a biological replicate; positions of molecular weight markers (kDa) are shown to the left of each panel. (b, f) Quantification of (b) RD21A signal and (f) AtCathB signal; values are means ± SE (n = 3). (c, g) Immunoblots probed with antisera raised to (c) RD21A and (g) AtCathB3; protein extracts from equal numbers of 4‐d‐old etiolated seedlings were loaded in each lane; positions of molecular weight markers (kDa) are shown to the left of each panel. (d, h) RT‐qPCR analysis of (d) RD21A, and (h) AtCathB1‐3 and CYSB in etiolated seedlings of Col‐0 and prt6‐1. Values are means ± SE (n = 4); *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.