Table 3.

Standardized associations^* between family meal frequency pattern and young adults’ dietary intake, weight and weight-related behaviours, and psychosocial well-being at EAT-IV; data from Wave 4 (EAT-IV; 2015–2016) of Project EAT (Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults)

	Nevers		Stoppers		Starters		Maintainers
Outcome	Estimate	95 % CI	Estimate	95 % CI	Estimate	95 % CI	Estimate	95 % CI
Dietary intake
Fruit and vegetable intake daily servings/4184 kJ (1000 kcal): ES	0	Ref.	0·007	−0·09, 0·10	0·02	−0·10, 0·13	0·06	−0·06, 0·18
Sugar-sweetened beverage intake daily servings/4184 kJ (1000 kcal): ES	0	Ref.	−0·004	−0·01, 0·09	0·006	−0·11, 0·12	0·03	−0·10, 0·14
Fast-food intake† (weekly servings): ES	0	Ref.	−0·02	−0·11, 0·07	−0·16‡	−0·26, −0·06	−0·13‡	−0·23, −0·03
Weight-related outcomes
Overweight status: RR	1	Ref.	1·13	0·77, 1·57	0·91	0·68, 1·20	1·07	0·79, 1·43
Unhealthy weight-control behaviours†: ES	0	Ref.	−0·05	−0·13, 0·03	−0·14‡	−0·25, −0·04	−0·11‡	−0·22, −0·007
Binge eating†: RR	1	Ref.	0·44	0·19, 0·99	0·42‡	0·25, 0·72	0·52‡	0·29, 0·92
Psychosocial well-being
Depressive symptoms†: ES	0	Ref.	−0·02	−0·10, 0·06	−0·11‡	−0·21, −0·003	−0·13‡	−0·24, −0·03
Self-esteem†: ES	0	Ref.	0·06	−0·02, 0·14	0·19‡	0·08, 0·29	0·21‡	0·11, 0·32

ES, effect size; RR, relative risk; Ref., reference category; SES, socio-economic status.

^*All models adjusted for parent age, sex, race (White v. non-White); mean age of children in the household; number of children in the household; current household SES; current marital status; baseline marital status; baseline SES; the interaction of current SES with baseline SES; and baseline measures of outcome variables.

^†Statistically significant overall at P<0·05.

^‡Significantly different from ‘never’ category at P<0·05.