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. 2017 Oct 9;103(5):854–867. doi: 10.1002/cpt.807

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Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Overview of the workflow of clinical chronic kidney disease (CKD) data collection for cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A2, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) model substrate drugs. AUCR, area under the concentration‐time curve ratio; DDI, drug‐drug interaction; DIDB, The University of Washington Metabolism and Transport Drug Interaction Database; f_e,urine, fraction of the dose eliminated into urine unchanged; PGx, pharmacogenetics; USFDA, US Food and Drug Administration.