Table 1.
Mode of delivery by maternal, infant and obstetric factors among women in the second stage of labour delivering term singletons by attempted midcavity operative vaginal delivery (OVD) or caesarean delivery, British Columbia, 2004–2014 (n = 10 901)
| Maternal/neonatal characteristic | Caesarean delivery | Attempted midcavity forceps | Attempted midcavity vacuum | Attempted sequential midcavity OVD | P‐valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 4524) | (n = 3978) | (n = 1913) | (n = 486) | ||
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Maternal age (years) | |||||
| <20 | 96 (39.3) | 79 (32.4) | 51 (20.9) | 18 (7.4) | <0.001 |
| 20–24 | 506 (39.4) | 426 (33.1) | 288 (22.4) | 66 (5.1) | |
| 25–29 | 1309 (41.4) | 1109 (35.1) | 583 (18.5) | 158 (5.0) | |
| 30–34 | 1638 (42.3) | 1464 (37.8) | 608 (15.7) | 163 (4.2) | |
| 35–39 | 798 (41.2) | 753 (38.9) | 318 (16.4) | 69 (3.6) | |
| ≥40 | 177 (44.1) | 147 (36.7) | 65 (16.2) | 12 (3.0) | |
| Parity | |||||
| 0 | 3860 (42.6) | 3433 (37.9) | 1382 (15.2) | 388 (4.3) | <0.001 |
| ≥1 | 664 (36.1) | 545 (29.7) | 531 (28.9) | 98 (5.3) | |
| Pre‐pregnancy weight (kg) | |||||
| <55 | 956 (36.9) | 1063 (41.0) | 439 (16.9) | 133 (5.1) | <0.001 |
| 55–59 | 678 (39.9) | 652 (38.4) | 295 (17.4) | 75 (4.4) | |
| 60–69 | 1131 (41.9) | 986 (36.5) | 466 (17.3) | 117 (4.3) | |
| ≥70 | 1082 (47.5) | 730 (32.1) | 373 (16.4) | 91 (4.0) | |
| Missing | 677 (41.4) | 547 (33.5) | 340 (20.8) | 70 (4.3) | |
| Gestational age (weeks) | |||||
| 37–38 | 868 (38.1) | 865 (38.0) | 448 (19.7) | 98 (4.3) | <0.001 |
| 39–41 | 3656 (42.4) | 3113 (36.1) | 1465 (17.0) | 388 (4.5) | |
| Position of fetal head at delivery | |||||
| Occiput anterior | 1063 (19.9) | 2777 (51.9) | 1222 (22.8) | 289 (5.4) | <0.001 |
| Occiput posterior/transverse | 1632 (67.0) | 448 (18.4) | 266 (10.9) | 89 (3.7) | |
| Missing | 1829 (58.7) | 753 (24.2) | 425 (13.6) | 108 (3.5) | |
| Birthweight (g) | |||||
| <2500 | 11 (17.2) | 30 (46.9) | 21 (32.8) | <5 (<8.0) | <0.001 |
| 2500–2999 | 315 (30.5) | 451 (43.6) | 229 (22.1) | 39 (3.8) | |
| 3000–3499 | 1464 (37.2) | 1573 (39.9) | 723 (18.4) | 180 (4.6) | |
| 3500–3999 | 1761 (43.6) | 1404 (34.8) | 688 (17.0) | 184 (4.6) | |
| ≥4000 | 973 (53.3) | 520 (28.5) | 252 (13.8) | 81 (4.4) | |
| Episiotomy | |||||
| None | 4524 (59.6) | 1534 (20.2) | 1306 (17.2) | 222 (2.9) | <0.001 |
| Median | 0 (0.0) | 110 (50.5) | 77 (35.3) | 31 (14.2) | |
| Mediolateral | 0 (0.0) | 2334 (75.4) | 530 (17.1) | 233 (7.5) | |
| Indication | |||||
| Dystocia | 2405 (47.6) | 1763 (34.9) | 690 (13.6) | 199 (3.9) | <0.001 |
| Fetal distress | 2119 (36.3) | 2215 (37.9) | 1223 (20.9) | 287 (4.9) | |
| Income quintile | |||||
| 1 | 941 (41.8) | 817 (36.3) | 384 (17.1) | 109 (4.8) | 0.46 |
| 2 | 943 (41.0) | 886 (38.5) | 379 (16.5) | 91 (4.0) | |
| 3 | 959 (42.7) | 801 (35.6) | 383 (17.0) | 105 (4.7) | |
| 4 | 892 (40.9) | 781 (35.8) | 414 (19.0) | 92 (4.2) | |
| 5 | 725 (41.2) | 628 (35.7) | 328 (18.6) | 80 (4.5) | |
| Missing | 64 (39.3) | 65 (39.9) | 25 (15.3) | 9 (5.5) | |
| Successful OVD trial b | |||||
| Dystocia | – | 1633 (92.6) | 552 (80.0) | 164 (82.4) | <0.001 |
| Fetal distress | – | 2027 (91.5) | 1078 (88.1) | 244 (85.0) | |
a
Chi‐square or Fisher's exact test.
b
Successful OVDs express the number (%) of successful OVDs in a specific category divided by the number of attempted OVDs in that category stratified by indication (dystocia or fetal distress).