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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Feb 14.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Sci (Lond). 2018 Feb 14;132(3):419–436. doi: 10.1042/CS20171059

Figure 1.

Figure 1

AVP infusion is sufficient to induce TH1 and TH17 maternal immune alterations. IFNg (A) and IL-17 (B) concentrations in maternal plasma, maternal kidney, and maternal liver were normalized to total protein and are represented as pg of cytokine per g of total protein. Lymphocytes were isolated from the spleen of saline and AVP infused dams. Following intracellular cytokine staining, CD3+ CD4+ cells were gated as shown in Supplemental Figure 1A and the frequency of cells producing the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFNg (A) and IL-17 (B) was determined. Open bars= saline-infused; Solid bars= AVP-infused. N ≥ 5 per group from at least two independent experiments. Data are mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was determined using a Student t test and the minimal level of confidence deemed statistically significant was a p value <0.05. *=p<0.05.