(A and B) CDH2 (A) and CDH11 (B) mRNA data using fibroblasts isolated from human IPF and normal lung samples obtained from GEO: GSE44723, GSE17978, and GSE1724. Data presented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 by Student’s t test.
(C and D) Lung sections from normal human lung donors and IPF patients costained with αSMA and CDH2 (C) or CDH11 (D). Representative images are shown. IPF samples are n = 7, and normal lung samples are n = 6. Scale bars indicate 20 μm.
(E) Western blot analysis demonstrated decreased FOXF1 and CDH2 but increased CDH11 protein in human IPF compared to normal lungs.