Table 2.
Odds of developing MCI/dementia over 10 years by quartile of baseline contrast sensitivity (N=1352)
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) |
Base Model† OR (95% CI) |
Base + baseline mMMSE OR (95% CI) |
Base Model + Covariates¶ OR (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Contrast sensitivity average | ||||
| Lowest quartile | 2.16 (1.58, 2.96) | 1.75 (1.26, 2.43) | 1.70 (1.22, 2.36) | 1.71 (1.22, 2.38) |
| 2nd quartile | 1.58 (1.15, 2.17) | 1.39 (1.00, 1.92) | 1.34 (0.97, 1.87) | 1.38 (0.99, 1.93) |
| 3rd quartile | 1.38 (1.00, 1.90) | 1.27 (0.91, 1.75) | 1.25 (0.90, 1.73) | 1.27 (0.91, 1.78) |
| Highest quartile | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) |
| p-for-trend | <0.0001 | 0.0008 | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Contrast sensitivity worst eye | ||||
| Lowest quartile | 1.98 (1.44, 2.70) | 1.58 (1.14, 2.19) | 1.57 (1.13, 2.19) | 1.59 (1.14, 2.23) |
| 2nd quartile | 1.37 (1.00, 1.88) | 1.22 (0.88, 1.69) | 1.19 (0.85, 1.65) | 1.23 (0.88, 1.71) |
| 3rd quartile | 1.36 (0.99, 1.86) | 1.17 (0.85, 1.62) | 1.20 (0.86, 1.66) | 1.23 (0.88, 1.71) |
| Highest quartile | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) |
| p-for-trend | <0.0001 | 0.008 | 0.011 | 0.010 |
| Contrast sensitivity average | ||||
| Excluding glaucoma (N=1205) | ||||
| Lowest quartile | 2.10 (1.50, 2.92) | 1.67 (1.18, 2.37) | 1.60 (1.13, 2.28) | 1.64 (1.15, 2.34) |
| 2nd quartile | 1.56 (1.12, 2.17) | 1.37 (0.97, 1.92) | 1.30 (0.92, 1.83) | 1.36 (0.96, 1.93) |
| 3rd quartile | 1.43 (1.03, 2.00) | 1.31 (0.93, 1.84) | 1.28 (0.91, 1.81) | 1.31 (0.92, 1.86) |
| Highest quartile | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) |
| p-for-trend | <0.0001 | 0.005 | 0.012 | 0.008 |
| Excluding AMD (N=1226) | ||||
| Lowest quartile | 2.15 (1.54, 3.00) | 1.73 (1.23, 2.45) | 1.66 (1.17, 2.36) | 1.68 (1.18, 2.39) |
| 2nd quartile | 1.68 (1.20, 2.34) | 1.46 (1.04, 2.05) | 1.40 (1.00, 1.98) | 1.44 (1.02, 2.04) |
| 3rd quartile | 1.45 (1.04, 2.01) | 1.33 (0.95, 1.85) | 1.31 (0.93, 1.84) | 1.33 (0.94, 1.87) |
| Highest quartile | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) |
| p-for-trend | <0.0001 | 0.002 | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Excluding cataract (N=425) | ||||
| Lowest quartile | 2.09 (1.16, 3.79) | 1.80 (0.96, 3.36) | 1.79 (0.96, 3.37) | 1.76 (0.93, 3.36) |
| 2nd quartile | 2.00 (1.17, 3.43) | 1.69 (0.97, 2.96) | 1.66 (0.95, 2.92) | 1.68 (0.95, 2.97) |
| 3rd quartile | 1.47 (0.87, 2.50) | 1.38 (0.80, 2.38) | 1.38 (0.80, 2.39) | 1.44 (0.82, 2.50) |
| Highest quartile | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) |
| p-for-trend | 0.004 | 0.036 | 0.041 | 0.051 |
Abbreviations: mMMSE, modified Mini-Mental State Examination; AMD, age-related macular degeneration
†
Adjusted for baseline age, race, education
¶
Adjusted for alcohol use, history of diabetes, history of hypertension, Geriatrics Depression score, and baseline mMMSE