Table 3.

Estimated percentage difference (posterior means and 95% posterior intervals) in daily total mortality per $10{-\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{m}}^3$ increase in ozone concentration in 143 Chinese cities with $\ge 2\text{years}$ of data, according to region and season.

Region	All-year	p-Valuea	Cool season	Warm season	p-Value	FDRb
Nationwide	0.23 (0.11, 0.34)	—	0.43 (0.21, 0.65)	0.20 (0.08, 0.31)	0.13c	—
Northwest	0.02 ($-1.88$, 1.91)	—	$-1.65$ ($-5.81$, 2.51)	0.69 ($-1.27$, 2.64)	0.13b	0.19
North	0.27 (0.03, 0.51)	0.12	0.25 ($-0.18$, 0.68)	0.39 (0.04, 0.75)	0.79b	0.79
South	0.21 (0.07, 0.35)	0.09	0.51 (0.26, 0.76)	0.13 ($-0.06$, 0.33)	0.03b	0.08

Note: Analysis excludes the Qing-Tibet region because few cities had $\ge 2\text{years}$ of data. Estimates were generated using over-dispersed generalized linear models and polynomial distributed lag model for cumulative exposures over the same day and 3 days prior, adjusted for calendar day [natural cubic spline with 7 degrees of freedom (df)], day of the week, temperature (cross-basis function for temperature lagged for 0–13 days from distributed lag nonlinear model), and humidity (lag 0, natural smooth function, 3 df) to estimate city-specific associations that were combined using hierarchical Bayesian models. —, no comparison or the reference for comparisons; FDR, false discovery rate.

^ap-Values comparing effect estimates for the North and South regions to the Northwest (referent) region in meta-regression models with region, season (warm vs. cool), and $\text{season}\times \text{region}$ interaction terms.

^bFDR or p-values comparing effect estimates for the warm versus cool seasons from separate meta-regression models stratified by region, with season as the predictor.

^cp-Value comparing effect estimates for the warm versus cool seasons over all cities in meta-regression models with region (two indicator terms for North vs. Northwest and South vs. Northwest), season, and $\text{season}\times \text{region}$ interaction terms.