Table 4.

Multivariable-adjusted linear spline regression analyses for concurrent selenium status (urinary and hair selenium) and cognitive function at 10 years ($n=\mathrm{1,330}$).

Outcomes	U-Se at 10 y, $<34\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{L}$ (per $10\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{L}$, $\mathit{n}=1316$)		U-Se at 10 y, $\ge 34\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{L}$ (per $10\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{L}$, $\mathit{n}=14$ )		Hair Se at 10 y, $<665\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{kg}$ (per $100\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{kg}$, $\mathit{n}=1296$)		Hair Se at 10 y, $\ge 665\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{kg}$ (per $100\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{kg}$, $\mathit{n}=34$)
	B (95% CI)	p-Value	B (95% CI)	p-Value	B (95% CI)	p-Value	B (95% CI)	p-Value
10 y
Model 1
Full developmental score	1.2 ($-1.3$, 3.7)	0.36	$-4.7$ ($-16$, 6.2)	0.40	2.2 (0.46, 3.9)	0.013	$-21$ ($-37$, $-4.9$)	0.011
Verbal comprehension	0.50 ($-0.33$, 1.3)	0.24	$-2.4$ ($-6.0$, 1.2)	0.19	0.79 (0.23, 1.4)	0.006	$-3.6$ ($-8.9$, 1.7)	0.18
Perceptual reasoning	0.44 ($-0.54$, 1.4)	0.38	$-2.5$ ($-6.8$, 1.8)	0.25	0.60 ($-0.072$, 1.3)	0.080	$-4.6$ ($-11$, 1.6)	0.15
Working memory	0.10 ($-0.42$, 0.62)	0.70	$-0.58$ ($-2.9$, 1.7)	0.62	0.41 (0.054, 0.76)	0.024	$-4.6$ ($-7.9$, $-1.3$)	0.006
Processing speeda	0.13 ($-0.87$, 1.1)	0.81	0.77 ($-3.6$, 5.1)	0.73	0.38 ($-0.31$, 1.1)	0.28	$-8.0$ ($-14$, $-1.6$)	0.014
Model 2
Full developmental score	1.0 ($-1.5$, 3.6)	0.42	$-4.7$ ($-16$, 6.3)	0.40	2.1 (0.34, 3.8)	0.019	$-21$ ($-37$, $-4.6$)	0.012
Verbal comprehension	0.47 ($-0.36$, 1.3)	0.27	$-2.4$ ($-6.0$, 1.2)	0.19	0.76 (0.19, 1.3)	0.009	$-3.5$ ($-8.8$, 1.7)	0.19
Perceptual reasoning	0.43 ($-0.55$, 1.4)	0.39	$-2.5$ ($-6.8$, 1.8)	0.25	0.60 ($-0.077$, 1.3)	0.083	$-4.6$ ($-11$, 1.6)	0.15
Working memory	0.070 ($-0.45$, 0.59)	0.79	$-0.56$ ($-2.8$, 1.7)	0.63	0.38 (0.024, 0.74)	0.036	$-4.6$ ($-7.9$, $-1.3$)	0.007
Processing speeda	0.074 ($-0.92$, 1.1)	0.88	0.80 ($-2.6$, 5.2)	0.72	0.33 ($-0.36$, 1.0)	0.35	$-7.8$ (1.4, $-1.5$)	0.015
Model 3
Full developmental score	2.1 ($-0.55$, 4.8)	0.12	$-4.1$ ($-15$, 6.9)	0.47	2.1 (0.41, 3.9)	0.015	$-21$ ($-37$, $-5.1$)	0.010
Verbal comprehension	0.78 ($-0.098$, 1.7)	0.082	$-2.2$ ($-5.8$, 1.4)	0.23	0.76 (0.19, 1.3)	0.009	$-3.8$ ($-9.0$, 1.5)	0.16
Perceptual reasoning	0.69 ($-0.35$, 1.7)	0.19	$-2.3$ ($-6.6$, 2.0)	0.29	0.59 ($-0.085$, 1.3)	0.087	$-4.7$ ($-11$, 1.5)	0.14
Working memory	0.33 ($-0.22$, 0.88)	0.24	$-0.48$ ($-2.8$, 1.8)	0.68	0.41 (0.052, 0.76)	0.025	$-4.6$ ($-7.9$, $-1.3$)	0.006
Processing speeda	0.31 ($-0.74$, 1.4)	0.56	0.91 ($-3.5$, 5.3)	0.68	0.38 ($-0.30$, 1.1)	0.28	$-8.0$ ($-14$, $-1.7$)	0.014

Note: Model 1 has been adjusted as follows: children’s gender, age at testing, number of children in the family, gestational age at birth, height-for-age z-score (HAZ), modified version of Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment score (HOME), testers, school type and years of schooling, family socioeconomic status (SES), and paternal education (all assessed at 10 y), and mothers’ cognitive function assessed at 5 y. Model 2 is Model 1 further adjusted for water manganese at 10 y. Model 3 is Model 1 further adjusted for toxic element (arsenic, cadmium, and lead in children’s urine and mercury in children’s hair at 10 y). CI, confidence interval; Hair Se, hair selenium; U-Se, urinary selenium.

^aHigher processing speed indicates faster response time.