Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of pregnant women with perinatally-acquired HIV infection, Atlanta, Georgia, 2011–2016 (n = 22).
| Variable | Frequency (%) or mean (range) |
|---|---|
| Age, years | 21.0 (16–29) |
| Race/ethnicity | |
| African-American (non-Hispanic) | 21 (95.5%) |
| Hispanic | 1 (4.5%) |
| Years since HIV diagnosis | 17.9 (2–25) |
| In HIV care at pregnancy diagnosis | 13 (59.1%) |
| On antiretroviral therapy at pregnancy diagnosis | 6 (28.6%) |
| Gestational age at antenatal care entry (weeks) | 16 (8–34) |
| CD4 cell count at antenatal care entry, cells/mm3 | 297.2 (9–730) |
| Viral suppression at antenatal care entry | 8 (36.4%) |
| Antiretroviral regimen (anchor drug) | |
| PI-containing regimen | 5 (68.2%) |
| INSTI-containing regimen | 3 (13.6%) |
| NNRTI-containing regimen | 1 (4.6%) |
| INSTI + PI-containing regimen | 2 (9.1%) |
| INSTI+PI + NNRTI-containing regimen | 1 (4.6%) |
| Antiretroviral regimen (backbone drug) | |
| TDF-containing regimen | 10 (45.5%) |
| ZDV-containing regimen | 10 (45.5%) |
| TDF + ZDV-containing regimen | 2 (9.1%) |
| Number of antenatal care visits | 8 (2–14) |
| Adequacy of antenatal care (Kessner Index) | |
| Adequate | 7 (32%) |
| Intermediate | 11 (50%) |
| Inadequate | 2 (9%) |
| Gestational age at delivery (weeks) | 38.2 (35.1–40.3) |
| Viral load at delivery | |
| HIV RNA <1000 copies/mL | 17 (77.3%) |
| HIV RNA <200 copies/mL | 13 (59.1%) |
| Mode of delivery | |
| Vaginal delivery | 8 (36.4%) |
| Cesarean section | 14 (63.6%) |
| Cesarean section for high HIV viral load | 6 (42.9%) |
| Perinatal transmission of HIV to infant | 1 (4.5%) |
| Birth weight of infant (grams) | 2753 (1701–3620) |
| Apgar score (1 min) | 7.8 (3–9) |
| Apgar score (5 min) | 8.8 (7–9) |
| Neonatal ICU admission | 4 (18.2%) |
| Contraceptive plan at delivery | 20 (90.9%) |
| DMPA | 8 (36.4%) |
| Oral contraceptive | 2 (9.1%) |
| Hormone IUD | 2 (9.1%) |
| Implant | 6 (27.3%) |
| Tubal ligation | 1 (4.5%) |
| Condoms | 1 (4.5%) |
| Contraception provided at time of delivery | 15 (68.2%) |
| Repeat pregnancy during follow-up period | 6 (28.6%) |
| Attended postpartum obstetric follow-up visit | 13 (59.1%) |
| Infant follow-up | |
| Infant age at last follow-up visit (months) | 15.0 (9–21) |
| Number of visits | 6.1 (3–8) |
| Average time to postpartum HIV primary care visit (days) | 192.5 (17–727) |
| HIV primary care visit within 90 days | 6 (27.3%) |
| HIV primary care visit within 180 days | 3 (13.6%) |
| No postpartum HIV primary care visit | 5 (22.7%) |
| Disruption in ART postpartum | 19 (86.4%) |
Abbreviations: DMPA, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate; INSTI, integrase inhibitor; IUD, intra-uterine device; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors; PI, protease inhibitor; TDF, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; ZDV, zidovudine.