Table 2.

Summary of Path Coefficients – Imputed Model for Etiology of Caries Development among Iowa Fluoride Study Participants. This table summarizes standardized and unstandardized path coefficient estimates, and their corresponding standard errors and p-values.

Latent Variable Loadings	Standardized Estimate	Estimate (SE)	p-value
Oral Health Habits
Dental Visit Attendance	0.299	0.076 (0.019)	<0.001
Daily Brushing Frequency 13-15	0.821	0.393 (0.091)	<0.001
Daily Brushing Frequency 15.5-17	0.641	0.328 (0.086)	<0.001
% Sugar-Sweetened Beverage
% SSB Ages 13 – 15	0.828	0.125 (0.011)	<0.001
% SSB Ages 15.5 – 17	0.805	0.138 (0.012)	<0.001
Adjusted DFS Increment
Permanent DFS Count Age 9	0.328	0.347 (0.057)	<0.001
Adjusted DFS Increment Age 9-13	0.541	0.820 (0.098)	<0.001
Adjusted DFS Increment Ages 13-17	0.628	1.896 (0.217)	<0.001
Direct Effects	Standardized Estimate	Estimate (SE)	p-value
Household Income in 2007 by
Categorical SES at Birth	0.579	0.906 (0.080)	<0.001
Oral Health Habits by
Household Income in 2007	0.341	0.303 (0.099)	0.002
Categorical SES at Birth	0.020	0.028 (0.112)	0.804
Sex	0.191	0.417 (0.154)	0.007
% Sugar Sweetened Beverage by
Categorical SES at Birth	−0.056	−0.078 (0.101)	0.438
Household Income in 2007	−0.292	−0.262 (0.069)	<0.001
Eating Events Per Day at Age 13	0.204	0.173 (0.044)	<0.001
Sex	−0.154	−0.339 (0.117)	0.004
Eating Events Per Day at Age 13 by
Sex	−0.040	−0.105 (0.132)	0.428
Adjusted DFS Increment by
Sex	0.208	0.451 (0.176)	0.010
Eating Events Per Day at Age 13	0.114	0.095 (0.056)	0.091
% Sugar Sweetened Beverage	0.127	0.126 (0.058)	0.030
Oral Health Habits	−0.308	−0.307 (0.126)	0.015
Household Income in 2007	−0.015	−0.013 (0.098)	0.891
Categorical SES at Birth	0.034	0.047 (0.115)	0.682
Covariance Path	Standardized Estimate	Estimate (SE)	p-value
Between Daily Brushing Frequency for Ages 13–15 and Ages 15.5–17	0.487	0.062 (0.060)	0.301