Fig. 6.

The hpMSC transplantation suppressed astrocyte/microglia activation and formation of neurotoxic Aβ₄₂ plaques in CCI mice at 10 weeks post-injury. a The activated astrocytes and Iba-1 positive microglias on the brains from both TP1 and TP2 were observed at less extent compared to the shams at 10 weeks post-injury, indicating the early influence by cell transplantation lasted for long periods. The number of each group is three. The scale bar represent 4× = 500 μm and 20× = 100 μm; ***p < 0.005. b The sizes of Aβ₄₂ plaques near the injury site in both TP1 and TP2 were observed significantly smaller, 50% reduction, than that in the sham mice at 10 weeks after injury. Furthermore, compared the sham, the average number of plaques was significantly reduced, less than half, in TP2, not TP1. The number of analyzed sham, TP1, and TP2 was 4, 5, and 3 respectively. Total number of plaques was 279 from sham, 230 from TP1, and 104 from TP2 mice, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05