. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Sep 1.

Published in final edited form as: Toxicol Lett. 2017 Nov 12;293:112–119. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.11.011

Table 1.

Physical and chemical properties of nettle vesicant CX (A), mustard vesicant SM (B), and arsenical vesicant LEW (C).

Agent	Phosgene oxime CX Dichloroformoxime	Sulfur mustard Bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide, SM, HD, Yperite, LOST	Lewisite Agent L Dichloro (2-chlorovinyl) arsine
Molecular weight	113.93	159.07	207.31
Physical state (at 20 °C)	colorless, crystalline solid or yellowish-brown liquid (munitions-grade)	Oily, colorless (pure) to yellowish dark-brown (munitions-grade) liquid	Oily colorless liquid
Aqueous solubility	Soluble	Slightly soluble	Slightly soluble
Vapor density (compared to air)	3.9	5.4	7.1
Vapor pressure (mm Hg at 20 °C)	11.2	0.06–0.11	0.395
Volatility (mg/m³ at 20 °C)	1800	610	4480
Boiling point (°C)	128	215–217	190
Melting point (°C)	35–40	13–14.4	0.1
Decomposition temperature (°C)	<128	149–177	>100
Odor	Disagreeable, prickling odor	Almost odorless (in pure state at typical field concentrations); horseradish, garlic or mustard odor at higher concentrations	Faint geranium like odor