Table 2.
Gender differences in diagnostic delay of axial SpA
| Study | AS or axSpA | Study design | M/F | Delay in diagnosis (years) M/F |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mogard, 2017 [46] | axSpA | Cross-sectional | 128/55 | AS 7.6/8.6 USpA 6.7/6.1 |
| Bandinelli, 2016 [47] | AS | Retrospective | 91/44 | 9.9/6.3* |
| Webers, 2016 [48•] | AS | Prospective observational cohort | 154/62 | 8.0/10.8* |
| Landi, 2016 [49] | AS | Observational cohort | 817/255 | 8.9/7.8 |
| Shahlaee, 2015 [50] | AS | Prospective cohort | 253/67 | 8.0/8.8 |
| Bodur, 2012 [51] | AS | Prospective observational cohort | 1038/343 | 4.9/5.3 |
| Yacoub, 2012 [52] | AS | Cross-sectional | 87/43 | 4.6/4.8 |
| Slobodin, 2011 [53] | axSpA | Cross-sectional | 79/72 | 5.9/5.7 |
| Roussou, 2011 [54] | axSpA | Prospective cohort | 150/293 | 5.6/6.3 |
| Atagunduz, 2010 [55] | AS | Cross-sectional | 139/96 | 6.2/7.4 |
| Dincer, 2008 [56] | AS | Cross-sectional | 103/8 | 5.3/14.4 |
| Reed, 2008 [57] | AS | Cross-sectional | 91/35 | 7.3/10.2 |
Diagnostic delay: first manifestation of the disease symptoms until time of diagnosis
F female, M male, AS ankylosing spondylitis, axSpA axial spondyloarthritis, USpA undifferentiated SpA
*Significant gender/sex differences