Table 4.
Gender differences in disease activity scores, functionality scores, severity, and extra spinal involvement in axial SpA at baseline
| Study | AS or axSpA | M/F◊ | Study design | Disease duration (years)◊ | Age (years)◊ | TNF naive◊ | BASDAI◊ | ASDAS-CRP◊ | BASFI◊ | QoL◊ | CRP level◊ | ESR level◊ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ibanez, 2017 [62••] | AS | 25/16 | Prospective cohort | 5/3 | 43.1/41.7 | 25/16 | 5.1/ 5.2 | NR | NR | NR | 6/4.5 | NR |
| Lubrano, 2017 [63] | axSpA | 228/93 | Retrospective | NR | NR | NR | 5.7/6.1 | 3.7/3.4* | 5.5/5.5 | NR | 1.3/1* | NR |
| Kilic, 2017 [64] | axSpA | 221/139 | Cross-sectional observational cohort | NR | 36/37.4 | n.a. | 3.3/4.2* | 2.6/2.7 | 2.5/2.8 | 7.1/8.9* | 16.1/12.5 | 18.9/24.9* |
| Landi, 2016 [49] | AS | 817/1072 | Observational cohort | 16/15.9 | 40.9/43.3* | n.a. | 4.1/4.8* | NR | 4.6/4.8 | 6.9/8.3* | NR | NR |
| Vargas, 2016 [71•] | axSpA | 81/87 | Observational cohort | NR | 29.9/30.5 | NR | 3.6/4.3* | 2.3/2.5 | NR | NR | 3/3 | NR |
| Shahlaee, 2015 [50] | AS | 253/67 | Prospective cohort | 15.5/15.6 | 37.6/39.5 | n.a. | 4.6/5.0 | NR | 3.8/4.3 | 7.7/8.5 | 18.7/10.6* | 17.6/18.6 |
| Webers, 2015 [48•] | AS | 154/62 | Prospective observational cohort | n.a. | 42.3/46.8 | n.a. | 3.2/3.9* | 2.7/2.8 | 3.5/3.2 | 5.8/7.2 | 19.5/14.2* | 14.5/14.8 |
| Gremese, 2014 [23] | axSpA | 118/52 | Retrospective | 16.5/16.1 | 39.2/40.3 | 118/52 | 5.5/5.6 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Tournadre, 2013 [61] | axSpA | 239/236 | Prospective cohort | n.a. | 31.9/34 | 239/236 | 4.0/4.6* | 2.9/3.0 | 2.7/3.3* | 8.0/10.2* | 11/6.9* | NR |
| Horst-Bruinsma, 2012 [26••] | AS | 957/326 | Pooled data clinical controlled trials | 9.4/7.4* | 31.2/35* | 642/225 | 58.6/62.7* | 3.7/3.6 | 55.8/57.5 | 62.4/66.2* | 20.9/13.1* | NR |
| Carvalho, 2012 [66] | axSpA | 1090/415 | Observational cohort | 13.9/30.3* | 41/45* | n.a. | 4.0/4.6* | NR | 4.5/4.8 | 7.5/8.3* | NR | NR |
| Yacoub, 2012 [52] | AS | 87/43 | Cross-sectional | 9.5/9.1 | 27.9/28.8 | n.a. | 43.1/48.8* | NR | 53/54.2 | NR | 28.5/35.2 | 44.3/43.7 |
| Roussou, 2011 [54] | axSpA | 172/344 | Prospective cohort | 9.7/10.1 | 46.5/47.6 | n.a. | 5.7/6.3 | NR | 4.9/5.2 | NR | 7.6/8.3 | 14.3/20.3* |
| Cansu, 2011 [68] | AS | 66/36 | Prospective cohort | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | NR | NR | NR | NR | M = Fa | NR |
| Bodur,2010 [51] | AS | 1038/343 | Prospective observational cohort | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | 3.7/4.2* | NR | 3.3/3.2 | 6.8/7.3 | NR | NR |
| Jung, 2010 [72] | AS | 434/71 | Registry | 9.9/7.7* | 29.8/31.5 | n.a. | M = Fa | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Lee, 2007 [73] | AS | 302/100 | Cross-sectional | 32/31.5 | 55.5/53.0 | n.a. | NR | NR | 43.3/49.0* | Worse F*a | NR | NR |
F female, M male, QoL quality of life, BASDAI Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, ASDAS Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score, BASFI Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functionality Index, CRP C-reactive protein, ESR Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, NR not reported, TNF naive no TNF use before start of the study data collection, n.a. no TNF inhibitor treatment as study medication
*Significant gender/sex difference
◊Only descriptive data present; male/female