Table 2.
Treatment group | Change compared to baseline | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Week 4 | P | Week 8 | P | Week 12 | P | Week 16 (post intervention) | P | ||
Hot flashes | Placebo | −4.5 ± 14.5 | 0.208 | −12.5 ± 19.7 | 0.026 | −16.8 ± 26.7 | 0.363 | −19.0 ± 23.0 | 0.372 |
RJ | −13.1 ± 27.2 | −28.5 ± 25.0 | −25.2 ± 32.1 | −27.0 ± 33.2 | |||||
Sweating | Placebo | −7.5 ± 20.7 | 0.272 | −18.8 ± 25.9 | 0.149 | −22.0 ± 31.2 | 0.415 | −26.6 ± 28.9 | 0.533 |
RJ | −15.4 ± 24.8 | −29.3 ± 20.1 | −29.5 ± 27.5 | −32.0 ± 26.4 | |||||
Insomnia | Placebo | −12.0 ± 23.2 | 0.788 | −15.8 ± 22.3 | 0.529 | −15.3 ± 24.7 | 0.961 | −16.3 ± 28.6 | 0.694 |
RJ | −9.8 ± 27.8 | −11.0 ± 26.1 | −14.9 ± 25.6 | −13.1 ± 22.5 | |||||
Light sleep | Placebo | −6.9 ± 32.3 | 0.568 | −24.1 ± 26.4 | 0.752 | −20.8 ± 24.5 | 0.676 | −21.0 ± 26.5 | 0.954 |
RJ | −12.8 ± 34.2 | −21.6 ± 25.9 | −24.2 ± 27.4 | −21.5 ± 31.4 | |||||
Irritability | Placebo | −2.3 ± 22.2 | 0.080 | −12.4 ± 18.4 | 0.207 | −8.9 ± 20.9 | 0.252 | −9.0 ± 22.6 | 0.420 |
RJ | −15.5 ± 25.2 | −20.6 ± 22.7 | −16.8 ± 23.4 | −15.5 ± 28.5 | |||||
Anxiety | Placebo | −1.1 ± 20.9 | 0.067 | −6.0 ± 25.8 | 0.063 | −3.7 ± 31.6 | 0.046 | −4.8 ± 27.7 | 0.229 |
RJ | −15.1 ± 26.7 | −19.5 ± 19.4 | −21.0 ± 22.1 | −14.8 ± 25.0 | |||||
Anxious trifles | Placebo | −6.7 ± 19.2 | 0.343 | −11.0 ± 14.8 | 0.136 | −10.5 ± 22.5 | 0.213 | −13.7 ± 23.0 | 0.645 |
RJ | −14.3 ± 30.6 | −21.2 ± 26.7 | −19.8 ± 24.7 | −17.2 ± 26.0 | |||||
Depressive mood | Placebo | −3.5 ± 24.5 | 0.081 | −9.9 ± 21.2 | 0.125 | −6.0 ± 30.9 | 0.075 | −7.2 ± 29.8 | 0.185 |
RJ | −17.2 ± 25.2 | −21.3 ± 25.8 | −22.3 ± 26.9 | −19.2 ± 28.0 | |||||
Fatigue | Placebo | −14.4 ± 28.7 | 0.576 | −19.4 ± 30.9 | 0.502 | −22.9 ± 25.0 | 0.284 | −18.3 ± 26.2 | 0.475 |
RJ | −19.0 ± 23.7 | −24.9 ± 20.5 | −31.0 ± 23.5 | −23.6 ± 21.0 | |||||
Eye strain | Placebo | −4.3 ± 23.3 | 0.697 | −14.4 ± 21.8 | 0.655 | −14.6 ± 26.5 | 0.885 | −11.5 ± 25.3 | 0.778 |
RJ | −7.5 ± 29.2 | −18.5 ± 35.6 | −16.0 ± 34.5 | −8.9 ± 32.9 | |||||
Forgetfulness | Placebo | −7.0 ± 22.4 | 0.435 | −9.9 ± 22.9 | 0.156 | −14.1 ± 27.6 | 0.373 | −19.2 ± 29.0 | 0.750 |
RJ | −12.3 ± 21.8 | −21.2 ± 27.5 | −21.7 ± 26.9 | −16.1 ± 33.3 | |||||
Dizziness | Placebo | −7.8 ± 17.9 | 0.169 | −5.0 ± 18.5 | 0.091 | −11.7 ± 19.9 | 0.333 | −15.1 ± 20.7 | 0.884 |
RJ | −18.3 ± 29.6 | −18.2 ± 29.5 | −19.8 ± 32.2 | −15.9 ± 31.0 | |||||
Palpitation | Placebo | −3.4 ± 17.7 | 0.978 | −7.2 ± 21.5 | 0.229 | −14.1 ± 20.0 | 0.152 | −9.4 ± 19.5 | 0.587 |
RJ | −3.6 ± 16.3 | 0.9 ± 21.5 | −5.8 ± 16.9 | −6.1 ± 19.4 | |||||
Chest tightness | Placebo | −5.0 ± 16.5 | 0.522 | −4.6 ± 19.9 | 0.312 | −6.0 ± 17.9 | 0.257 | −8.4 ± 17.2 | 0.056 |
RJ | −2.2 ± 10.5 | 1.5 ± 18.7 | −0.3 ± 14.1 | 1.3 ± 14.6 | |||||
Headache | Placebo | −3.9 ± 19.2 | 0.499 | −8.2 ± 23.7 | 0.819 | −7.5 ± 29.0 | 0.602 | −13.5 ± 28.6 | 0.673 |
RJ | −8.6 ± 25.1 | −6.3 ± 30.8 | −12.0 ± 26.1 | −10.1 ± 22.6 | |||||
Neck stiffness | Placebo | −4.0 ± 14.5 | 0.708 | −10.7 ± 19.1 | 0.231 | −14.0 ± 22.5 | 0.805 | −14.2 ± 20.6 | 0.971 |
RJ | −6.0 ± 20.9 | −17.4 ± 16.6 | −15.7 ± 22.2 | −14.5 ± 21.4 | |||||
Backache and low back pain | Placebo | 3.6 ± 26.2 | 0.156 | −8.0 ± 20.3 | 0.440 | −3.2 ± 29.0 | 0.040 | −9.1 ± 26.4 | 0.535 |
RJ | −7.9 ± 25.3 | −14.1 ± 29.2 | −21.7 ± 27.5 | −14.4 ± 27.8 | |||||
Joint pain | Placebo | −8.2 ± 33.0 | 0.719 | −13.2 ± 27.8 | 0.753 | −18.6 ± 23.5 | 0.653 | −17.0 ± 23.8 | 0.723 |
RJ | −11.7 ± 29.0 | −16.0 ± 28.7 | −15.3 ± 22.8 | −14.0 ± 29.6 | |||||
Cold hands and feet | Placebo | −9.2 ± 19.6 | 0.229 | −5.5 ± 18.7 | 0.255 | −4.6 ± 26.9 | 0.247 | −3.3 ± 27.9 | 0.697 |
RJ | −19.6 ± 33.4 | −14.6 ± 30.9 | −14.3 ± 26.6 | 0.3 ± 31.1 | |||||
Numbness in the legs or arms | Placebo | −6.4 ± 27.9 | 0.799 | −5.7 ± 31.8 | 0.937 | 0.1 ± 38.1 | 0.209 | −4.0 ± 35.7 | 0.574 |
RJ | −8.9 ± 34.3 | −6.5 ± 34.5 | −13.3 ± 29.3 | −10.0 ± 33.5 | |||||
Sensitive to sounds | Placebo | −4.2 ± 18.6 | 0.604 | −12.6 ± 24.6 | 0.219 | −13.5 ± 17.3 | 0.098 | −11.4 ± 26.7 | 0.518 |
RJ | −0.4 ± 27.7 | −3.3 ± 23.6 | −0.7 ± 30.0 | −6.5 ± 22.4 |
Menopausal symptoms scores were assessed monthly with menopausal symptoms questionnaire of Japanese women (Visual Analog Scale); RJ, enzyme-treated Royal Jelly. All values are mean ± SD.