Table 2.

Effect of enzyme-treated RJ treatment on menopausal symptoms.

	Treatment group	Change compared to baseline
		Week 4	P	Week 8	P	Week 12	P	Week 16 (post intervention)	P
Hot flashes	Placebo	−4.5 ± 14.5	0.208	−12.5 ± 19.7	0.026	−16.8 ± 26.7	0.363	−19.0 ± 23.0	0.372
	RJ	−13.1 ± 27.2		−28.5 ± 25.0		−25.2 ± 32.1		−27.0 ± 33.2
Sweating	Placebo	−7.5 ± 20.7	0.272	−18.8 ± 25.9	0.149	−22.0 ± 31.2	0.415	−26.6 ± 28.9	0.533
	RJ	−15.4 ± 24.8		−29.3 ± 20.1		−29.5 ± 27.5		−32.0 ± 26.4
Insomnia	Placebo	−12.0 ± 23.2	0.788	−15.8 ± 22.3	0.529	−15.3 ± 24.7	0.961	−16.3 ± 28.6	0.694
	RJ	−9.8 ± 27.8		−11.0 ± 26.1		−14.9 ± 25.6		−13.1 ± 22.5
Light sleep	Placebo	−6.9 ± 32.3	0.568	−24.1 ± 26.4	0.752	−20.8 ± 24.5	0.676	−21.0 ± 26.5	0.954
	RJ	−12.8 ± 34.2		−21.6 ± 25.9		−24.2 ± 27.4		−21.5 ± 31.4
Irritability	Placebo	−2.3 ± 22.2	0.080	−12.4 ± 18.4	0.207	−8.9 ± 20.9	0.252	−9.0 ± 22.6	0.420
	RJ	−15.5 ± 25.2		−20.6 ± 22.7		−16.8 ± 23.4		−15.5 ± 28.5
Anxiety	Placebo	−1.1 ± 20.9	0.067	−6.0 ± 25.8	0.063	−3.7 ± 31.6	0.046	−4.8 ± 27.7	0.229
	RJ	−15.1 ± 26.7		−19.5 ± 19.4		−21.0 ± 22.1		−14.8 ± 25.0
Anxious trifles	Placebo	−6.7 ± 19.2	0.343	−11.0 ± 14.8	0.136	−10.5 ± 22.5	0.213	−13.7 ± 23.0	0.645
	RJ	−14.3 ± 30.6		−21.2 ± 26.7		−19.8 ± 24.7		−17.2 ± 26.0
Depressive mood	Placebo	−3.5 ± 24.5	0.081	−9.9 ± 21.2	0.125	−6.0 ± 30.9	0.075	−7.2 ± 29.8	0.185
	RJ	−17.2 ± 25.2		−21.3 ± 25.8		−22.3 ± 26.9		−19.2 ± 28.0
Fatigue	Placebo	−14.4 ± 28.7	0.576	−19.4 ± 30.9	0.502	−22.9 ± 25.0	0.284	−18.3 ± 26.2	0.475
	RJ	−19.0 ± 23.7		−24.9 ± 20.5		−31.0 ± 23.5		−23.6 ± 21.0
Eye strain	Placebo	−4.3 ± 23.3	0.697	−14.4 ± 21.8	0.655	−14.6 ± 26.5	0.885	−11.5 ± 25.3	0.778
	RJ	−7.5 ± 29.2		−18.5 ± 35.6		−16.0 ± 34.5		−8.9 ± 32.9
Forgetfulness	Placebo	−7.0 ± 22.4	0.435	−9.9 ± 22.9	0.156	−14.1 ± 27.6	0.373	−19.2 ± 29.0	0.750
	RJ	−12.3 ± 21.8		−21.2 ± 27.5		−21.7 ± 26.9		−16.1 ± 33.3
Dizziness	Placebo	−7.8 ± 17.9	0.169	−5.0 ± 18.5	0.091	−11.7 ± 19.9	0.333	−15.1 ± 20.7	0.884
	RJ	−18.3 ± 29.6		−18.2 ± 29.5		−19.8 ± 32.2		−15.9 ± 31.0
Palpitation	Placebo	−3.4 ± 17.7	0.978	−7.2 ± 21.5	0.229	−14.1 ± 20.0	0.152	−9.4 ± 19.5	0.587
	RJ	−3.6 ± 16.3		0.9 ± 21.5		−5.8 ± 16.9		−6.1 ± 19.4
Chest tightness	Placebo	−5.0 ± 16.5	0.522	−4.6 ± 19.9	0.312	−6.0 ± 17.9	0.257	−8.4 ± 17.2	0.056
	RJ	−2.2 ± 10.5		1.5 ± 18.7		−0.3 ± 14.1		1.3 ± 14.6
Headache	Placebo	−3.9 ± 19.2	0.499	−8.2 ± 23.7	0.819	−7.5 ± 29.0	0.602	−13.5 ± 28.6	0.673
	RJ	−8.6 ± 25.1		−6.3 ± 30.8		−12.0 ± 26.1		−10.1 ± 22.6
Neck stiffness	Placebo	−4.0 ± 14.5	0.708	−10.7 ± 19.1	0.231	−14.0 ± 22.5	0.805	−14.2 ± 20.6	0.971
	RJ	−6.0 ± 20.9		−17.4 ± 16.6		−15.7 ± 22.2		−14.5 ± 21.4
Backache and low back pain	Placebo	3.6 ± 26.2	0.156	−8.0 ± 20.3	0.440	−3.2 ± 29.0	0.040	−9.1 ± 26.4	0.535
	RJ	−7.9 ± 25.3		−14.1 ± 29.2		−21.7 ± 27.5		−14.4 ± 27.8
Joint pain	Placebo	−8.2 ± 33.0	0.719	−13.2 ± 27.8	0.753	−18.6 ± 23.5	0.653	−17.0 ± 23.8	0.723
	RJ	−11.7 ± 29.0		−16.0 ± 28.7		−15.3 ± 22.8		−14.0 ± 29.6
Cold hands and feet	Placebo	−9.2 ± 19.6	0.229	−5.5 ± 18.7	0.255	−4.6 ± 26.9	0.247	−3.3 ± 27.9	0.697
	RJ	−19.6 ± 33.4		−14.6 ± 30.9		−14.3 ± 26.6		0.3 ± 31.1
Numbness in the legs or arms	Placebo	−6.4 ± 27.9	0.799	−5.7 ± 31.8	0.937	0.1 ± 38.1	0.209	−4.0 ± 35.7	0.574
	RJ	−8.9 ± 34.3		−6.5 ± 34.5		−13.3 ± 29.3		−10.0 ± 33.5
Sensitive to sounds	Placebo	−4.2 ± 18.6	0.604	−12.6 ± 24.6	0.219	−13.5 ± 17.3	0.098	−11.4 ± 26.7	0.518
	RJ	−0.4 ± 27.7		−3.3 ± 23.6		−0.7 ± 30.0		−6.5 ± 22.4

Menopausal symptoms scores were assessed monthly with menopausal symptoms questionnaire of Japanese women (Visual Analog Scale); RJ, enzyme-treated Royal Jelly. All values are mean ± SD.