Figure 1.

Our hybrid VATS. (A) 2-cm port is placed in the 7th intercostal spaces (ICS) along the anterior axillary line combined with a muscle-sparing mini-thoracotomy with a 4- to 8-cm incision in the 4th intercostal space along the anterior axillary line for upper or middle lobe resection; (B) two 2-cm ports are placed in the 4th and 7th intercostal spaces along the anterior axillary line combined with a muscle-sparing mini-thoracotomy with a 4- to 8-cm incision in the 5th intercostal space along the posterior axillary line for lower lobe resection. VATS, video-assisted thoracic surgery.