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. 2018 May 7;9:990. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00990

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Copyright © 2018 Schetters, Kruijssen, Crommentuijn, Kalay, Ochando, den Haan, Garcia-Vallejo and van Kooyk.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Antigen targeting to mouse- and human DC-SIGN (hDC-SIGN) on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) leads to internalization, processing, and presentation to antigen-specific CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T cells. GM-CSF cultured hDC-SIGN BMDCs pulsed with 1 μg/ml α-mDC-SIGN:OVA or α-hDC-SIGN:OVA (1 h 37°C, with Fc block) presents processed antigen to CFSE-labeled OTI CD8⁺ or OTII CD4⁺ T cells after 3 days of co-culture. Also, the TLR4 ligand, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) consistently boosts antigen presentation. T cell proliferation is represented as percentage responding cells (“calculated cells at the start of culture”/“number of cells that went into division” × 100). Data represented as mean ± SEM, co-cultured in triplicates (analysis of variance with Tukey post hoc ****P < 0.0001), representative of three individual experiments.