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. 2018 May 7;9:967. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00967

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Copyright © 2018 Nico, Martins Almeida, Maria Motta, Soares dos Santos Cardoso, Freire-de-Lima, Freire-de-Lima, de Luca, Maria Blanco Martinez, Morrot and Palatnik-de-Sousa.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Cytokines secreted by splenocytes along the infection. Splenocyte secretion of IFN-γ (A,B), TNF-α (D,E), and IL-10 (G,H) were measured in supernatants of in vitro cultures of infected, F3sap and NH36sap vaccinated and infected, in response to NH36 or Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi lysate antigens, both on days 15 and 28 after infection. LDU values show that the parasite load is maximal in livers at day 15 (C) and in spleens, only on day 28 (F). Bars represent the mean + SE values of two-independent experiments (n = 5 mice per treatment in each experiment). Asterisks and horizontal lines show significant differences between treatments as disclosed by Mann–Whitney non-parametrical test. IFN-γ/IL-10 and TNF-α/IL-10 ratios in response to NH36 were calculated on day 15 (I).