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. 2018 May 7;9:996. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00996

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Copyright © 2018 Calise, Marquez Renteria, Gregersen and Diamond.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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B cell stimulation results in upregulated CD86 expression and antibody-secreting cell (ASC) differentiation. Naive B cells were cultured for 4 days with or without CpG and analyzed by flow cytometry. (A) Representative histogram of CD86 expression on untreated (shaded peak) and CpG-treated (black outlined peak) B cells. (B) CD86 expression on B cells combined (left) and separated by haplotype (right). (C) ELISpot data showing proportion of ASCs combined (far left) and separated by haplotype (center left) and ELISA data showing IgM secretion by B cells combined (center right) and separated by haplotype (far right). (D) Representative histogram of surface IgM expressed on untreated (shaded peak) and CpG-treated (black outlined peak) B cells. Flow cytometric results of IgM expression on B cells combined (center) and separated by haplotype (right). p < 0.001 by Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test [(B), left; (C), far left and center right; (D), center], p = ns by Mann–Whitney test for each treatment [(B), right; (C), center left and far right; (D), right].