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Reagents and conditions: (a) NaBH4, 5% NaOH/K2CO3, CH3OH, rt, 3 h; (b) (1) 40% glyoxal, HOAc/CH3CN, reflux, 6 h; (2) methanol/HCl (2:1 by vol.), rt, 24 h; (c) 2,4-dimethoxybenzylamine/R2NH2, 100–116 °C, 4–32 h; (d) 20–30 mmHg, 195–210 °C, 40 min; (e) R1COCH2Br, KOH, DMF, 68–75 °C, 4–24 h; (f) 1:1 HCl/CH3OH, rt, 24 h; (g) R3COCl, pyridine, CH3CN, 40–91 °C, 3–72 h.
