Table 2. Summary of subtype combinations detected from IAV isolates originating from samples collected at Izembek National Wildlife Refuge in Alaska, USA 2011–2015.
| Subtype | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | total | Host Taxon |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H1N1 | 5 | 5 | G, D | ||||
| H2N3 | 2 | 2 | D | ||||
| H2N9 | 1 | 1 | D | ||||
| H3N1 | 1 | 1 | D | ||||
| H3N3 | 1 | 1 | D | ||||
| H3N6 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 | D | ||
| H3N8 | 12 | 19 | 6 | 6 | 14 | 57 | G, E, D |
| H4N1 | 1 | 1 | D | ||||
| H4N2 | 1 | 1 | D | ||||
| H4N6 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 25 | G, E, D, S |
| H4N8 | 1 | 1 | S | ||||
| H5N2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | G, D | ||
| H5N3 | 1 | 1 | D | ||||
| H6N1 | 5 | 5 | D | ||||
| H6N2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | D | |||
| H6N6 | 1 | 1 | D | ||||
| H6N8 | 2 | 1 | 3 | D | |||
| H7N3 | 1 | 1 | D | ||||
| H7N4 | 3 | 3 | D, S | ||||
| H8N4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | D | |||
| H8N8 | 1 | 1 | D | ||||
| H9N2 | 2 | 2 | E, D | ||||
| H10N7 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | E, D | ||
| H11N2 | 2 | 2 | G, E | ||||
| H12N5 | 1 | 1 | D | ||||
| H13N2 | 10 | 10 | G | ||||
| H16N3 | 1 | 3 | 4 | G, D | |||
| mixed | 8 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 7 | 26 | G, E, D, S |
All isolates with more than one genetic sequence detected for one or more gene segment are reported here as “mixed” infection. D = dabbling duck (Anas acuta, A. crecca, A. platyrhychos, and A. clypeata; n = 135), E = emperor goose (Chen canagica; n = 13), G = glaucous-winged gull (Larus glucescens; n = 20), and S = sea duck (i.e. Bucephala albeola and Somateria spectabilis; n = 4).