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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Except Child. 2017 Jul 3;84(1):55–75. doi: 10.1177/0014402917705855

Table 1.

Classroom Observations of Literacy Activities

Activity IBR (n = 45)
PA (n = 42)
BAU (n = 44)
All Conditions (n = 131)
M (SD) M (SD) M (SD) M (SD)
Print Concepts 2.19 (2.47) 2.08 (2.44) 2.06 (3.35) 2.11 (2.77)
Phono Aware 0.24 (0.77) 0.62 (1.62) 0.47 (1.98) 0.44 (1.53)
Alphabetics 0.54 (1.14) 0.81 (2.23) 0.42 (1.21) 0.59 (1.59)
Phonics 1.10 (1.64) 0.74 (1.59) 0.44 (1.31) 0.76 (1.53)
Oral Language 13.16 (5.93) 13.24 (8.78) 12.63 (7.47) 13.01 (7.40)
Oral Storybook 4.28 (5.43) 3.60 (3.93) 2.19 (2.84) 3.36 (4.28)
Student Reading 0.73 (1.36) 1.21 (1.78) 0.54 (1.59) 0.82 (1.60)
Writing 1.36 (2.11) 1.87 (3.19) 0.53 (1.26) 1.24 (2.35)
Other (Non-Lit) 36.41 (6.54) 35.83 (10.00) 40.75 (9.45) 37.68 (8.96)

Note. IBR = Interactive Book Reading condition, PA = Phonological Awareness condition, BAU = no-treatment Business-as-Usual condition. Values are observed minutes during one midyear preschool observation for each student afforded to literacy activity or grouping strategy during the first 60 minutes of teacher-designated literacy focused classroom activities; missing observations for two IBR students (with their teachers) from Cohort 3.