Table 4.
Multilevel Model Treatment Effects Results for Vocabulary Outcomes (Models 2–3)
| Fixed Effects | Recept Voc | Express Voc | Listen Comp | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
| Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
| Coeff | p | d* | Coeff | p | d* | Coeff | p | d* | Coeff | p | d* | Coeff | p | d* | Coeff | p | d* | |
| Intercept (Gain) | 6.02 | .001 | 5.91 | .001 | 3.93 | .004 | 3.89 | .004 | 1.99 | .138 | 1.87 | .148 | ||||||
| IBR Effect | 2.53 | .096 | .21 | 2.50 | .109 | .20 | 3.09 | .021 | .29 | 2.96 | .030 | .28 | 3.33 | .017 | .30 | 2.55 | .068 | .23 |
| PA Effect | −0.92 | .551 | −.07 | −0.97 | .529 | −.08 | −1.53 | .256 | −.14 | −1.55 | .249 | −.15 | −1.62 | .247 | −.15 | −1.60 | .248 | −.15 |
| Pretest | −4.57 | <.001 | −.37 | −4.73 | <.001 | −.39 | −1.16 | .223 | −.11 | −1.37 | .154 | −.13 | −1.97 | .051 | −.18 | −2.02 | .045 | −.19 |
| Class Obs: PA | 0.98 | .369 | .08 | 0.02 | .982 | .00 | −0.81 | .400 | −.07 | |||||||||
| Class Obs: OL | 1.77 | .117 | .15 | 2.13 | .032 | .20 | 1.98 | .054 | .18 | |||||||||
| Class Obs: SR | −0.40 | .728 | −.03 | 0.03 | .978 | .00 | 1.99 | .059 | .18 | |||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||||||||
| Random Effects | Var | p | Var | p | Var | p | Var | p | Var | p | Var | p | ||||||
|
| ||||||||||||||||||
| Teachers | 0.45 | .267 | 0.21 | .342 | 0.11 | .227 | 0.10 | .217 | 0.14 | .287 | 0.17 | .435 | ||||||
| Districts | 0.01 | .317 | 0.01 | >.500 | 0.00 | >.500 | 0.01 | >.500 | 3.17 | .149 | 2.68 | .142 | ||||||
| Residual | 151.12 | 148.54 | 115.05 | 112.37 | 120.34 | 115.55 | ||||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||||||||
| Model Indices | ||||||||||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||||||||
| No. Parameters | 7 | 10 | 7 | 10 | 7 | 10 | ||||||||||||
| Deviance (-2LL) | 1045 | 1027 | 1001 | 983 | 1002 | 981 | ||||||||||||
Note. N= 13 3 students (47 Interactive Book Reading (IBR), 42 Phonological Awareness (PA), and 44 Business-as-Usual(BAU)), 57 teachers, and 8 districts. For Model 3, IBR n = 45 due to two missing Cohort 3 students’ classroom observations. Recept Voc = receptive vocabulary as measured by the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test IV; Express Voc = expressive vocabulary as measured by the Expressive One-Word Picture Vocabulary Test IV; Listen Comp = listening comprehension as measured by the Woodcock Johnson III Listening Comprehension cluster. All tests in standard scores. Pretest = respective pretest standard score, in z-scores; Class Obs = minutes observed during classroom observation that student participated (within 60-minute period), in z-scores (PA = phonological awareness, OL = oral language, and SR = storybook reading). Observed p-values reported; significant adjusted p-values (p < 0.017) are in boldface.