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. 2016 Dec 23;17(1):80–91. doi: 10.1177/1534735416684551

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© The Author(s) 2016

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 3. — Effects of carnosine on mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis in cultured HeLa and SiHa cells. Real-time analysis of oxygen consumption rates (OCR) (A) and extracellular acidification rates (ECAR) (B) of cultured HeLa and SiHa cells by perturbing them with small molecule metabolic modulators. Oligomycin (O, 1 µM), FCCP (F, 1 µM), and rotenone (R, 1 µM) were injected sequentially at the indicated time points into each well containing HeLa and SiHa cells after baseline rate measurement. (C) Basal OCR, (D) ATP-linked OCR, (E) proton leak, (F) mitochondrial respiration OCR, (G) non-mitochondrial respiration OCR, (H) extracellular lactic acid level, and (I) ATP content are shown. Each data represents mean ± SD. N = 6-8. *P < .05, **P < .01 versus control group.