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. 2018 May 3;15:E52. doi: 10.5888/pcd15.160471

Table 2. Preintervention and Postintervention Differences in Participant (N = 955) Health and Fitness Measures, We Run This City Youth Marathon Program, Cleveland, Ohio, 2009–2012.

Category Preintervention, Adjusted Mean (SE) Postintervention, Adjusted Mean (SE) F a P Value
SIT-TO-STAND TEST ( 23 ), NO. OF SECONDS
Adjusted for baseline age, sex, and race/ethnicity
All participants 9.54 (0.10) 8.82 (0.07) 5.18 .02
By event
1.2 miles (n = 745) 9.48 (1.10) 8.74 (0.08)

  • Group, F = 3.17; P = .07

  • Time, F = 4.19; P = .04

  • Time × group, F = 0.13; P = .77
10K or half marathon (n = 210) 9.77 (0.22) 9.11 (0.16)
By training dosageb
<15 miles 9.89 (0.20) 9.06 (0.14)

  • Group, F = 3.49; P = .03

  • Time, F = 5.02; P = .03

  • Time × group, F = 0.21; P = .81
15–24 miles 9.30 (0.18) 8.61 (0.13)
≥25 miles 9.46 (0.15) 8.79 (0.11)
By BMIc
Normal weight (n = 601) 9.41 (0.12) 8.61 (0.09)

  • Group, F = 7.03; P = .001

  • Time, F = 3.78; P = .05

  • Time × group, F = 0.88; P = .41
Overweight (n = 173) 9.55 (0.23) 8.96 (0.16)
Obese (n = 142) 10.06 (0.25) 9.52 (0.18)
By BMI, adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, training dosage, and event
Normal weight (n = 601) 9.39 (0.12) 8.57 (0.09)

  • Group, F = 6.81; P = .001

  • Time, F = 3.72; P = .05

  • Time × group, F = 1.00; P = .37
Overweight (n = 173) 9.60 (0.23) 8.98 (0.16)
Obese (n = 142) 10.01 (0.26) 9.52 (0.19)
PACER TEST ( 24 ), NO. OF LAPS
Adjusted for baseline age, sex, and race/ethnicity
All participants 28.13 (0.81) 35.71 (0.96) 14.57 <.001
By event
1.2 miles (n = 745) 26.57 (0.96) 33.59 (1.04)

  • Group, F = 20.68; P < .001

  • Time, F = 17.2; P < .001

  • Time × group, F = 2.56; P = .11
10K or half marathon (n = 210) 34.64 (1.96) 44.61 (2.14)
By training dosageb
<15 miles 24.16 (1.95) 30.12 (2.16)

  • Group, F = 4.52; P = .001

  • Time, F = 13.94; P < .001

  • Time × group, F = 1.10; P = .33
15–24 miles 30.71 (1.57) 38.06 (1.73)
≥25 miles 27.88 (1.21) 36.55 (1.34)
By BMIc
Normal weight (n = 601) 29.86 (1.07) 38.63 (1.56)

  • Group, F = 16.42; P < .001

  • Time, F = 11.74; P = .001

  • Time × group, F = 4.01; P = .02
Overweight (n = 173) 28.57 (1.85) 36.44 (2.01)
Obese (n = 142) 19.31 (2.21) 22.34 (2.39)
By BMI, adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, training dosage, and event
Normal weight (n = 601) 29.42 (1.04) 38.47 (1.12)

  • Group, F = 20.10; P < .001

  • Time, F = 2.92; P = .09

  • Time × group, F = 3.74; P = .02
Overweight (n = 173) 28.67 (1.80) 36.50 (1.94)
Obese (n = 142) 19.76 (2.16) 23.03 (2.32)
BMI PERCENTILE
Adjusted for baseline age, sex, and race/ethnicity
All participants 64.97 (0.97) 66.07 (0.92) 0.64 .43
By event
1.2 miles (n = 745) 65.37 (1.09) 66.64 (1.04)

  • Group, F = 0.92; P = .33

  • Time, F = 0.14; P = .71

  • Time × group, F = 1.51; P = .22
10K or half marathon (n = 210) 63.49 (2.11) 63.95 (2.01)
By training dosageb
<15 miles 68.69 (2.00) 68.96 (1.90)

  • Group, F = 2.73; P = .06

  • Time, F = 1.97; P = .66

  • Time × group, F = 4.18; P = .02
15–24 miles 65.48 (1.84) 66.03 (1.74)
≥25 miles 62.31 (1.42) 64.31 (1.35)
By BMIc
Normal weight (n = 601) 50.37 (0.81) 52.68 (0.80)

  • Group, F = 469.74; P < .001

  • Time, F = 0.39; P = .53

  • Time × group, F = 21.13; P <.001
Overweight (n = 173) 90.16 (1.52) 88.97 (1.49)
Obese (n = 142) 97.91 (1.72) 96.38 (1.69)
By BMI, adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, training dosage, and event
Normal weight (n = 601) 50.48 (0.81) 52.88 (0.81)

  • Group, F = 438.48; P < .001

  • Time, F = 1.92; P = .17

  • Time × group, F = 21.76; P < .001
Overweight (n = 173) 90.15 (1.55) 88.95 (1.53)
Obese (n = 142) 97.64 (1.79) 96.14 (1.77)
WAIST-TO-HIP RATIO
Adjusted for baseline age, sex, and race/ethnicity
All participants 0.80 (0.002) 0.81 (0.002) 0.01 .99
By event
1.2 miles (n = 745) 0.80 (0.002) 0.81 (0.003)

  • Group, F = 1.96; P = .16

  • Time, F = 0.00; P = .99

  • Time × group, F = 0.00; P = .97
10K or half marathon (n = 210) 0.73 (0.004) 0.80 (0.005)
By training dosageb
<15 miles 0.80 (0.004) 0.81 (0.005)

  • Group, F = 2.39; P = .09

  • Time, F = 0.10; P = .92

  • Time × group, F = 0.24; P = .80
15–24 miles 0.79 (0.004) 0.80 (0.004)
≥25 miles 0.80 (0.003) 0.81 (0.003)
By BMIc
Normal weight (n = 601) 0.79 (0.002) 0.79 (0.003)

  • Group, F = 73.26; P < .001

  • Time, F = 0.24; P = .63

  • Time × group, F = 3.41; P = .03
Overweight (n = 173) 0.80 (0.005) 0.81 (0.005)
Obese (n = 142) 0.84 (0.005) 0.86 (0.006)
By BMI, adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, training dosage, and event
Normal weight (n = 601) 0.79 (0.002) 0.79 (0.003)

  • Group, F = 63.31; P < .001

  • Time, F = 0.25; P = .61

  • Time × group, F = 3.25; P = .04
Overweight (n = 173) 0.80 (0.005) 0.81 (0.005)
Obese (n = 142) 0.84 (0.005) 0.86 (0.006)

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; PACER, Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run test; SE, standard error.

a

Pretest–posttest difference in outcomes tested by using repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), controlling for age, sex, and race/ethnicity.

b

Measured as the total distance walked, jogged, or run during the 12- to 14-week training period.

c

Based on BMI-for-age growth charts. (https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/assessing/bmi/childrens_bmi/about_childrens_bmi.html): normal weight, <85th percentile; overweight, 85th to 94th percentile; obese, ≥95th percentile. BMI calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters (kg/m2).