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RAS pathway aberrations in human cancers. The RAS pathway can be activated by mutation (green) or by overexpression (blue) of pathway proteins. In some cancers, proteins are both mutated and overexpressed (red). Dysregulation can occur in downstream effector molecules including RAF, MEK, PI3K, and AKT. RAS is also activated by the loss of function of RAS regulators such as GAPs (yellow).
