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. 2018 May 8;11:2657–2672. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S162281

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Schematic diagram of immune regulation of RBC.1622 RBC can recognize antigen, remove circulating immune complex, and enhance the phagocytic activity of macrophages. RBC also affects T, LAK, B, and NK cell activity, such as lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine secretion (IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ), LAK proliferation, cytotoxic activity against cancer, B-cell clonogenic capacity, antibody synthesis, and cytotoxic activity of natural killer cell via direct contact.

Abbreviations: LAK cell, lymphokine-activated killer cell; NK cell, natural killer cell; CIC, circulating immunocomplex; SOD, superoxidase dismutase; NKEF, natural killer enhancing factor; TNFIF, tumor necrosis factor inducing factor; PIF, phagocytosis inhibitory factor; ROS, reactive oxygen species; ↑, upregulation; ↓, downregulation; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; RBC, red blood cell.