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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 May 14.
Published in final edited form as: Res Dev Disabil. 2013 Jul 24;34(10):3133–3138. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.06.040

Table 3.

Number of children using non-verbal behavior versus non-linguistic or (pre-)linguistic vocalizations for each of 10 communicative functions according to the Inventory of Potential Communicative Acts (IPCA; Sigafoos et al., 2000a, 2006).

Social convention Attention to self Reject/Protest Request Object Request Action Request Information Comment Choice Making Answer Imitate
Non-verbal behavior 3 6 2 3 1 0 5 0 6 3
Non-linguistic vocalizations 1 4 4 2 0 0 3 0 3 0
(Pre-)linguistic vocalizations 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0