. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 May 14.

Published in final edited form as: Gastroenterology. 2017 Jul 27;154(2):374–389. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.06.066

Table 3.

Epigenomic Aberrations and Their Target Genes in ESCC

Epigenomic regulation		Coding or noncoding genes	Cancer-associated alterations
DNA methylation		Coding genes: TFF1⁴⁸, Bin1¹¹⁹, NID2¹²⁰, PTPN22¹²¹, PRSS8¹²², KLF4¹²³, HIC1¹²⁴, RASSF2⁴⁵, RASSF1A¹²⁵, RASSF5A¹²⁶, PAR4¹²⁷, FBXO32¹²⁸, IGFBP7¹²⁹, SPINT2¹³⁰, ADAMTS8¹³¹, DIRAS1¹³², Rab25¹³³, PTK6¹³⁴, CDH1¹³⁵, UPK1A¹³⁶, HIN-1¹³⁷, DCC¹³⁸, PLCD1¹³⁹, CRABP1¹⁴⁰, LRP1B²⁶, RARβ¹⁴¹, TSLC1^142,143, CDKN2A/B^42,43, DLC1⁴⁵, FHIT¹⁴⁴	Promoter hypermethylation with decreased transcription
		Non-coding RNAs: miR-21833, miR-12634, nc88635, miR-34a36 miR-37537	Promoter hypermethylation with decreased transcription
		NGALR¹⁴⁵, LINE-1^53–56	Hypomethylation
Chromatin modification	Histone writers	EP300, CREBBP, MLL, MLL2, MLL3, NSD1, SETD2, JARID2	Somatic mutations
		EZH2⁶¹, G9a⁶²	Increased transcription
	Histone erasers	KDM6A, TET2, NCOR2	Somatic mutations
		HDAC4¹⁴⁶	Increased transcription
	Chromatin remodelers	ARID1A, ARID2, SMARCC2	Somatic mutations
RNA editing		ADAR1⁷¹	Gene amplification with increased transcription
RNA editing		ADAR2⁷²	Decreased transcription