Table 1.
Surface chemical, topological, and physico-chemical characteristics of as-received and nanostructured titanium surfaces obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and water contact angle measurements. AR: as-received; HTE: hydrothermal treatment.
| Samples | Chemical composition (%) | Wettability | AFM (1 × 1 µm2) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | O | Ti | K | Water Contact Angle (°) | Sa (nm) | Sq (nm) | S sk | S ku | |
| HTE | 13.5 ± 0.6 | 56.7 ± 0.5 | 22.7 ± 0.2 | 7.3 ± 0.1 | 23.1 ± 4.3 | 26.5 ± 3.8 | 33.9 ± 5.6 | −0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1 |
| AR | 25 ± 0.3 | 48 ± 0.5 | 27 ± 0.3 | 27 ± 0.3 | 58.9 ± 4.8 | 6.2 ± 2.5 | 8.8 ± 3.9 | 0.1 ± 0.9 | 2.5 ± 1.1 |