(a) Percent larval mortality of WCR-R and WCR-S fed artificial diet surface-treated with 300 ng /cm2 dsRNA (GFP, COPI β, vATPase A, mov34 or DvSnf7) or water. Each treatment was conducted one to three times, with four replications per trial. WCR-R: n = 28–94; WCR-S: n = 29–93. (b) Relative vATPase A transcript levels in WCR-R and WCR-S larvae fed for 72 hr on artificial diet surface-treated with 300 ng / cm2 of dsRNA (vATPase A or GFP) or water. Each treatment consisted of five replications, each consisting of three larvae assayed together with two technical replications. n = 15. (c) Percent mortality of WCR-R and WCR-S larvae fed artificial diet surface-treated with Cry3Bb1, buffer, DvSnf7 or water. Mortality for Cry3Bb1 was evaluated on day 6 and on day 12 for DvSnf7 dsRNA. Each treatment was conducted once with four replications (n = 22–32). All figures show means ± SEM. **p < 0.0001.