Table 1.
Characteristics of Sample and Study Groups
| Variable | Category | UCPPS | Healthy Controls (HC) | Positive Controls (PC) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Included1 | Not Included |
Total | P value |
Included1 | Not Included |
Total | P value |
Included1 | Not Included |
Total | P value |
||
| N | 259 | 165 | 424 | 125 | 290 | 415 | 107 | 92 | 199 | ||||
| Age | Mean (SD) | 43.3 (14.7) | 43.5 (15.8) | 43.4 (15.1) | 0.918 | 42.5 (13.3) | 39.7 (14.3) | 40.5 (14.1) | 0.062 | 41.6 (13.1) | 41.3 (14.4) | 41.5 (13.7) | 0.899 |
| Duration of UCPPS Symptoms* | Mean (SD) | 9.7 (11.6) | 6.6 (8.6) | 8.5 (10.6) | 0.002 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Sex* | Female | 139 (53.7%) | 94 (57.0%) | 233 (55.0%) | 0.505 | 75 (60.0%) | 158 (54.5%) | 233 (56.1%) | 0.299 | 75 (70.1%) | 82 (89.1%) | 157 (78.9%) | 0.001 |
| Male | 120 (46.3%) | 71 (43.0%) | 191 (45.0%) | 50 (40.0%) | 132 (45.5%) | 182 (43.9%) | 32 (29.9%) | 10 (10.9%) | 42 (21.1%) | ||||
| Race | White | 229 (88.4%) | 145 (87.9%) | 374 (88.2%) | 0.8592 | 90 (72.0%) | 226 (77.9%) | 316 (76.1%) | 0.810 | 76 (71.0%) | 73 (79.3%) | 149 (74.9%) | 0.513 |
| Black | 10 (3.9%) | 6 (3.6%) | 16 (3.8%) | 16 (12.8%) | 32 (11.0%) | 48 (11.6%) | 12 (11.2%) | 10 (10.9%) | 22 (11.1%) | ||||
| Ethnicity | Hispanic | 19 (7.4%) | 9 (5.5%) | 28 (6.6%) | 0.441 | 8 (6.4%) | 27 (9.3%) | 35 (8.4%) | 0.328 | 10 (9.4%) | 3 (3.3%) | 13 (6.6%) | 0.080 |
| Non-Hispanic | 239 (92.6%) | 156 (94.5%) | 395 (93.4%) | 117 (93.6%) | 263 (90.7%) | 380 (91.6%) | 96 (90.6%) | 89 (96.7%) | 185 (93.4%) | ||||
| NUAS3* | Any | 111 (42.9%) | 51 (30.9%) | 162 (38.2%) | 0.014 | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 107 (100.0%) | 92 (100.0%) | 199 (100.0%) | ||
| None | 148 (57.1%) | 114 (69.1%) | 262 (61.8%) | 125 (100.0%) | 290 (100.0%) | 415 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||||
| Pain* Severity | Mean (SD) | 15.2 (6.1) | 14.7 (4.7) | 15.0 (5.6) | 0.353 | 0.1 (0.6) | 0.4 (1.2) | 0.3 (1.0) | 0.003 | 1.8 (3.7) | 5.8 (5.5) | 3.6 (5.0) | 0.000 |
| Urinary* Severity | Mean (SD) | 12.7 (6.6) | 12.5 (5.5) | 12.6 (6.2) | 0.767 | 1.6 (2.0) | 3.5 (3.1) | 2.9 (2.9) | 0.000 | 4.4 (4.4) | 8.8 (6.0) | 6.4 (5.6) | 0.000 |
| BPS4 Type | BPS: No | 48 (18.5%) | 26 (15.8%) | 74 (17.5%) | 0.463 | 117 (93.6%) | 268 (92.4%) | 385 (92.8%) | 0.669 | 83 (77.6%) | 58 (63.0%) | 141 (70.9%) | 0.025 |
| BPS: Yes | 211 (81.5%) | 139 (84.2%) | 350 (82.5%) | 8 (6.4%) | 22 (7.6%) | 30 (7.2%) | 24 (22.4%) | 34 (37.0%) | 58 (29.1%) | ||||
| Pain Region5 | Pelvic Pain & Beyond | 197 (76.1%) | 119 (72.1%) | 316 (74.5%) | 0.364 | 48 (38.4%) | 127 (43.8%) | 175 (42.2%) | 0.307 | 85 (79.4%) | 77 (83.7%) | 162 (81.4%) | 0.442 |
| Pelvic Pain only | 62 (23.9%) | 46 (27.9%) | 108 (25.5%) | 77 (61.6%) | 163 (56.2%) | 240 (57.8%) | 22 (20.6%) | 15 (16.3%) | 37 (18.6%) | ||||
denotes variables for which there was a significant difference between participants that were selected for the substudy compared to those who were not selected for the substudy in at least one participant cohort (UCPPS, HC, or PC)
Participants were selected for this substudy by stratified random sampling within sex and cohort. UCPPS participants with the most severe urologic pain and urinary symptoms and HC and PC with the least severe symptoms were more likely to be selected to maximize the likelihood of detecting differences between UCPPS and control cohorts.
The comparison of race between included and not included subjects was based on a 7-level race variable within the categories of white, black, Asian, multi-race, native Hawaiian, other, and unknown. White and black are shown for brevity.
NUAS denotes the presence of a nonurological associated sydrome, defined as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Irritable Bowel Sydrome, or Fibromyalgia
BPS Type indicates Bladder Pain Syndrome type. Patients classified as ‘yes’ reported the presence of painful filling or painful urgency on the RAND Interstitial Cystitis Epidemiology Study criteria38
Pain region indicates the widespreadness of pain. ‘Pelvic Pain only’ indicates the presence of pain in the pelvic region only, and ‘Pelvic Pain and Beyond’ indicates pain outside of the pelvic region. All participants were classified as pelvic pain only by default and designated as pelvic pain and beyond by indicating pain outside of the pelvic region on a modified version of the Brief Pain Inventory short form36.