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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2017 Aug 7;28(11):794–806. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.07.003

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Activating Transcription Factor 4 (ATF4) Control of Life–Death Decisions Under Stress. ATF4 and its targets determine cell survival by specific mechanisms. (Left) ATF4 directly controls the transcription of several adaptive and pro-apoptotic genes. It also induces other transcription factors that cooperate with ATF4 to control the expression of these targets. (Right) ATF4 influences survival indirectly through modulation of autophagy and protein synthesis. Hyperactivation of either process by ATF4 can trigger cell death indirectly via downstream pathways. AA, amino acids; ER, endoplasmic reticulum.