Table 2.
Phenotypic and genetic associations of habitual coffee intake with cognition.
| Global cognition | Memory cognition | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | β* (95% C.I.) | P | I2 | Pheterogeneity | N | β* (95% C.I.) | P | I2 | Pheterogeneity | |
| Phenotypic effect (cups/day) | 300,806 | −0.02 (−0.039, −0.001) |
0.04 | 85 | <0.001 | 301,850 | −0.012 (−0.029, 0.005) |
0.16 | 80 | <0.001 |
| Adjusted phenotypic effect (cups/day) | 295,823 | −0.008 (−0.023, 0.006) |
0.26 | 74 | <0.001 | 296,777 | −0.004 (−0.017, 0.01) |
0.58 | 66 | 0.003 |
| Genetic effect (intake-increase-allele)# | 300,760 | −0.0007 (−0.009, 0.008) |
0.87 | 4 | 0.40 | 301,804 | −0.001 (−0.005, 0.002) |
0.51 | 0 | 0.64 |
*All models adjusted for sex and age, with the adjusted phenotypic model controlling further on smoking, education and depression and the genetic models additionally adjusting for principal components. #Among coffee drinkers.