Table 2.
Effect of breast cancer e-support (BCS) program (intention-to-treat analysis) on primary and secondary outcomes at 3 months (T1) and 6 months (T2); N=114.
| Treatment effect | Mean (SD) | Adjusted mean difference (95% CI) | P valuea | Effect size (Cohen d) | |||
|
|
BCS+CAUb participants (n=57) | CAU participants (n=57) |
|
|
|
||
| Primary outcomes |
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
Self-efficacy (SICPAc) [19] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T1 | 227.12 (66.80) | 197.07 (43.44) | 21.05 (1.87 to 40.22) | .03 | 0.53 |
|
|
|
T2 | 232.09 (69.01) | 220.91 (56.32) | 3.40 (−19.05 to 25.86) | .76 | 0.18 |
| Secondary outcomes |
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
Social support (MSPSSd) [20] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T1 | 5.24 (1.00) | 5.47 (2.75) | −0.39 (−1.15 to 0.38) | .32 | −0.11 |
|
|
|
T2 | 5.62 (.65) | 5.42 (.80) | 0.14 (−0.13 to 0.41) | .31 | 0.27 |
|
|
Symptom severity (MDASIe) [21] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T1 | 3.79 (1.81) | 4.17 (1.71) | −0.21 (−0.72 to 0.31) | .42 | −0.22 |
|
|
|
T2 | 3.67 (2.21) | 4.30 (1.89) | −0.26 (−0.88 to 0.36) | .41 | −0.31 |
|
|
Symptom interference (MDASI) [21] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T1 | 2.99 (1.78) | 3.93 (1.91) | −0.73 (−1.35 to −0.11) | .02 | 0.51 |
|
|
|
T2 | 3.11 (2.01) | 3.84 (1.95) | −0.57 (−1.27 to 0.13) | .11 | −0.37 |
|
|
Quality of life (FACT-Bf) [22] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T1 | 92.87 (21.39) | 84.09 (15.99) | 6.64 (0.77 to 12.50) | .03 | 0.46 |
|
|
|
T2 | 92.16 (21.24) | 85.66 (15.58) | 5.23 (−1.34 to 11.80) | .12 | 0.35 |
|
|
Anxiety (HADSg) [23] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T1 | 9.93 (2.72) | 10.28 (2.46) | −0.77 (−1.62 to 0.08) | .07 | −0.14 |
|
|
|
T2 | 10.58 (2.87) | 10.26 (2.39) | −0.05 (−0.96 to 0.86) | .92 | 0.12 |
|
|
Depression (HADS) [23] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T1 | 12.75 (1.57) | 12.58 (2.15) | 0.17 (−0.52 to 0.87) | .62 | 0.09 |
|
|
|
T2 | 13.28 (2.02) | 12.65 (2.53) | 0.63 (−0.20 to 1.45) | .14 | 0.28 |
aAll P values were calculated using an analysis of covariance with adjustment for baseline value of the corresponding questionnaire.
bCAU: care as usual.
cSICPA: Stanford Inventory of Cancer Patient Adjustment.
dMSPSS: Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support.
eMDASI: MD Anderson Symptom Inventory.
fFACT-B: Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment-B.
gHADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.