Table 1.

Baseline characteristics.

	Control (N = 32) mean ± s.d./n	GDM (N = 30) mean ± s.d./n	P value*
GA at first collection	25.9 ± 1.3	26.2 ± 1.2	0.267
Maternal age	31.2 ± 5.8	31.3 ± 4.7	0.914
BMI	22.7 ± 3.1	21.5 ± 3.9	0.172
Height	158.6 ± 4.7	157.6 ± 6.4	0.499
Weight	56.9 ± 9.6	53.7 ± 10.7	0.202
Hemoglobin	12.3 ± 1.0	11.9 ± 1.0	0.143
Hematocrit	37.2 ± 2.5	36.0 ± 2.6	0.098
Hemoglobin A1C	4.9 ± 0.3	5.0 ± 0.5	0.728
Parity			0.477
Nulliparous	19	19
Parous	13	11
Ethnic			0.738
Thai	31	29
Other	1	1
Education			0.748
No	1	2
Primary school	0	1
High school	12	8
High vocational certificate	4	3
Bachelor of arts	13	15
Master of arts	3	1
Income (Thai Baht)			0.107
≤10,000	12	20
10,001–15,000	14	5
15,001–20,000	3	2
≥20,000	3	2

*Student’s T test or Chi-square as appropriate.