Table 2.

Risk factors for Zika virus transmission in Asia and Hindu Kush Himalayan region

Region	Risk factors	Sources
Asia	Intense urbanization, increasing high population density, tropical climate, poor waste management, cross reaction and diagnostic difficulties, underreporting, co-circulation of dengue and chikungunya virus, establishment of Aedes vectors, globalization of travel and trade, poverty, vector occurrence probability, per capita health expenditure, virus strain, urban-rural set-up, vapor pressure, GDP, number of travelers, altitude, temperature, land cover	[19–24, 28, 33]
Hindu Kush Himalayan region	Shifting of Aedes vectors in highlands, frequent movement of people to Zika virus endemic areas, climate change, land use change, naïve population with a lack of immunity against Zika virus, poverty, higher warming rate than elsewhere in the region	[6–8, 10, 27–34, 38]