Table 1.
Teamwork measurement tools using self‐assessment
| Tool | Design | Content validity | Predictive validity | Concurrent validity | Test–retest reliability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teamwork climate of SAQ2 3, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 | Likert scale survey | Developed from FMAQ, used in aviation. Psychometric basis, minimal alterations Cronbach's α = 0·78 for a sample of items on the SAQ teamwork scale (same profession, same site)3 | Scores were better in the site that had received teamwork training compared with one that had not2 | Correlation with theatre efficiency17 | No, two sites had a significantly different baseline score2 |
| TeamSTEPPS questionnaire4 | Likert scale survey | As part of government‐ sponsored TeamSTEPPS programme | Scores improved after TeamSTEPPS training | No | n.r. |
| MTTQ22 | Likert scale survey | Statistical method of factor analysis | No | No | No, different sites had significantly different MTTQ responses (P < 0·001) |
| ORMAQ23 | Likert scale survey | Adapted from aviation and other languages by 3 surgeons | No | No | n.r. |
| Study‐specific survey1 | Likert scale survey | Claims validated, unable to find method of validation | Teamwork scores of surgeons and anaesthetists improved after team training; those of nurses did not | No | n.r. |
| Study‐specific survey5 | Yes/no responses | No | Increased perceptions of teamwork after training | No | n.r. |
| Study‐specific survey9 | Two parts: yes/no and Likert scale survey | Based on literature review | After safety checklist implementation, greater proportion of surgeons reported positive teamwork events | No | n.r. |
| Study‐specific survey24 | Likert scale survey | Input from orthopaedic surgeons, anaesthetists, ICU and physicians | Improved perceptions of teamwork after perioperative checklist implementation | No | n.r. |
| Study‐specific survey25 | Free‐text answers calculated into score out of 5 | No | No | No | n.r. |
| Study‐specific survey26 | Self reporting of statements taken from observational tools | Survey items translated from observational tools (NOTSS and ANTS) | No | No | n.r. |
SAQ, Safety Attitudes Questionnaire; FMAQ, Flight Management Attitudes Questionnaire; TeamSTEPPS, Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety; n.r., not reported; MTTQ, Medical Team Training Questionnaire; ORMAQ, Operating Room Management Attitudes Questionnaire; NOTSS, Non‐technical Skills for Surgeons; ANTS, Anaesthetists' Non‐Technical Skills.