Fig. 5.

AMPK-SREBP-1c pathway may be associated with the function of metformin in reducing SCD1 expression. a-c The expression of SREBP-1c is decreased by metformin in HepG2 cells exposed to high glucose and high insulin. The data are presented as the means ± SEM, n = 3–4. ^*p < 0.05 and ^**p < 0.01, versus NC; ^#p < 0.05 and ^##p < 0.01, versus HGHIn. d and e The phosphorylation of AMPK is increased by metformin in HepG2 cells exposed to high glucose and high insulin. The data are presented as the means ± SEM, n = 3. ^*p < 0.05, versus NC; ^#p < 0.05, versus HGHIn. NC normal control, HGHIn high glucose high insulin; Met metformin