Table 8.
Correlation between autoantibodies and quantitative ultrasound index (QUS index) after adjustment for potential confounders.
| Autoantibody | Model 3 (autoantibody + age) [coefficient; (95% CI); p value] |
Model 4 (autoantibody + age, gender, smoking class, BMI, TARFS, vitamin D, calcium) [coefficient; (95% CI); p value] |
Model 5 (autoantibody + age, gender, smoking class, BMI, TARFS, vitamin D; calcium; antidepressants, inhaled steroids, antiepileptics; physical activity) [coefficient; (95% CI); p value] |
|---|---|---|---|
| ANA borderline | −0.10 | −0.09 | 0.027 |
| (−0.25; 0.06) | (−0.25; 0.07) | (−0.17; 0.22) | |
| p = 0.217 | p = 0.264 | p = 0.784 | |
| n = 1621 | n = 1467 | n = 1013 | |
|
| |||
| ANA positive | −0.19 | −0.11 | 0.07 |
| (−0.39; 0.01) | (−0.32; 0.09) | (−0.18; 0.32) | |
| p = 0.058 | p = 0.276 | p = 0.586 | |
| n = 1612 | n = 1467 | n = 1013 | |
|
| |||
| Anti-ENA autoantibodies borderline | 0.52 | 0.70 | 0.75 |
| (−0.41; 1.45) | (−0.34; 1.73) | (−0.48; 1.98) | |
| p = 0.274 | p = 0.186 | p = 0.232 | |
| n = 867 | n = 790 | n = 549 | |
|
| |||
| Anti-ENA autoantibodies positive | −0.39 | −0.61 | −0.95 |
| (−0.98; 0.21) | (−1.26; 0.03) | (−1.79; 0.11) | |
| p = 0.201 | p = 0.062 | p = 0.027 | |
| n = 867 | n = 790 | n = 549 | |
|
| |||
| NCA borderline | −0.01 | 0.05 | 0.06 |
| (−0.21; 0.19) | (−0.15; 0.25) | (−0.19; 0.30) | |
| p = 0.911 | p = 0.624 | p = 0.648 | |
| n = 1610 | n = 1465 | n = 1012 | |
|
| |||
| ANCA positive | −0.17 | −0.10 | 0.12 |
| (−0.44; 0.07) | (−0.38; 0.17) | (−0.23; 0.47) | |
| p = 0.148 | p = 0.461 | p = 0.495 | |
| n = 1610 | n = 1465 | n = 1012 | |
|
| |||
| Anti-TPO autoantibodies positive | −0.19 | −0.15 | 0.035 |
| (−0.44; 0.07) | (−0.41; 0.11) | (−0.31; 0.38) | |
| p = 0.148 | p = 0.257 | p = 0.841 | |
| n = 1804 | n = 1640 | n = 1144 | |
|
| |||
| Anti-RHF autoantibodies positive | −0.14 | −0.11 | −0.09 |
| (−0.35; 0.79) | (−0.34; 0.11) | (−0.35; 0.17) | |
| p = 0.214 | p = 0.321 | p = 0.497 | |
| n = 1637 | n = 1486 | n = 1040 | |
|
| |||
| Anti-TTG autoantibodies positive | −0.15 | −0.21 | −0.23 |
| (−0.44; 0.14) | (−0.50; 0.09) | (−0.60; 0.15) | |
| p = 0.319 | p = 0.166 | p = 0.232 | |
| n = 1804 | n = 1640 | n = 1144 | |
|
| |||
| Anti-CCP autoantibodies positive | −0.45 | −0.65 | −1.36 |
| (−1.52; 0.63) | (−1.79; 0.49) | (−2.76; 0.04) | |
| p = 0.415 | p = 0.264 | p = 0.058 | |
| n = 1.804 | n = 1640 | n = 1144 | |
|
| |||
| ACGA positive | −0.02 | −0.05 | −0.098 |
| (−0.24; 0.19) | (−0.27; 0.17) | (−0.35; 0.16) | |
| p = 0.829 | p = 0.674 | p = 0.450 | |
| n = 1599 | n = 1454 | n = 1005 | |
Data presented in bold represents significant results. Data presented in italics represents results approaching significance. 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; Ref: reference; ANA: anti-nuclear autoantibodies; Anti-ENA autoantibodies: anti-extractable nuclear antigen autoantibodies; ANCA: anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies; Anti-TPO: anti-thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies; Anti-RHF: anti-rheumatoid factor autoantibodies; Anti-TTG: anti-tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies; Anti-CCP: anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide autoantibodies; ACGA: anti-cardiolipin immunoglobulin G autoantibodies; BMI: body mass index; PA: physical activity; TARFS: Total Australian Recommended Food Score.