Table 4.
Summary of performance characteristics of all-optical ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging systems in literature.
| Imaging function | Transmitter | Diameter (mm) | Axial resolution (μm) | Lateral resolution (μm) | Imaging depth (mm) | Tissue imaging |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ultrasound [44] | CNTs-PDMS | 0.84 | 64 | 88 | 3.5 | Yes |
| Ultrasound [30] | CNTs-PDMS | — | — | — | 12 | Yes |
| Ultrasound [46] | CNTs-PDMS | 2.5 | — | — | 9 | Yes |
| Ultrasound [39] | CNTs-PDMS | — | 65.9 | 94.2 | — | Yes |
| Ultrasound [47] | Carbon black | 3.5 | 110 | 97 | 0.9 | Yes |
| Photoacoustic [39] | External source | — | — | 36 | — | Yes |
| Photoacoustic [41] | Optical fiber | 4.5 | — | — | — | No |
| Hybrid [67] | Carbon black-PDMS/optical fiber | ~2 | — | 104–154 (photoacoustic) 64–112 (ultrasound) |
4 | No |
| Hybrid [33] | AuNPs-PDMS | — | — | — | 15 | Yes |
| Hybrid [33] | CV-PDMS | — | — | — | 15 | Yes |